Are Private Schools Safe

When it comes to choosing a school for your child, most parents are concerned about not just the level of education, but also the safety of the school. If you’ve paid attention to the media lately, it seems that there are a lot of tragedies happening at our schools, both public schools and private. It can often feel like no school is truly safe. What do parents need to know, and are private schools really safer than public schools? Every school in the world will encounter some forms of negative behavior. But there are a few instances that have been discussed nationally when it comes to schools and the perceived safety of students. School Safety in the News Chances are, you’ve seen the various reports that have uncovered sexual abuse scandals at a number of private schools around the country, with a focus on boarding schools in New England. Choate Rosemary Hall has been one of the most recent schools to hit the airwaves with allegations of misconduct. It’s important to note, however, that with the exception of a few cases, most of the scandals uncovered in the past few years have dealt with instances that dated back decades. Many of the schools that are in the news are dealing with situations that involve former employees who have since retired or even passed away. While this fact doesn’t make it easier for the victims of past instances, this does mean that parents today can feel more confident that this type of scandal isn’t prevalent now; schools are diligent in making sure that the faculty at today’s schools are well-screened and upstanding citizens. Sex scandals are one of the safety concerns to frequent the news stations lately, with school shootings sharing the spotlight. With two school shootings being reported so far in 2017, the most recent taking place on April 10 in San Bernardino, CA, guns are a hot topic around the nation. The vast majority of shootings in the past decade have taken place at public schools and colleges, but private schools are still susceptible. Many schools have instituted stricter rules and regulations for faculty and students overall, not just pertaining to guns. So, how do schools truly keep their students safe? Check out these best practices in school safety. School Background Checks Private schools today have implemented a number of checks and balances to ensure that faculty are upstanding citizens. Schools are known for doing extensive background checks on their employees, and in today’s world, most schools are diligent about following up on even the most mundane tips in an effort to ensure that students are safe. That doesn’t mean that no one will ever slip through the cracks, but there are more safety precautions and background checks in place today than in years past. This also goes for drug testing, with many schools being required by their states to conduct random tests, and some private schools opting to test independently. Controlled Monitored Campus Security Systems While some private schools are situated on hundred-acre campuses with thousands of potential entry points, others are gated communities with limited access available to outsiders. From live video feeds throughout campus and security guards who patrol the acres of land to monitored entrances with locked gates, many private schools offer some of the most secure school environments around. Most private schools also develop strong relationships with local law enforcement, ensuring that officers are familiar with the school and are actually a presence on campus. Some private schools are even known for inviting local officers in for meals and special events as guests, further developing relationships and making it known that officers of the law are regular visitors. Many schools have implemented sophisticated security systems, ranging from security cameras and motion-sensor lights to doors that can be locked with a single swipe of a master key fob or with a few keystrokes on a computer. Students and faculty alike may be issued photo ID cards that are activated and deactivated via a computer or app, meaning that an individual’s access to buildings and rooms can be limited within seconds should there be an issue. Emergency Communication Systems Gone are the days of just a loudspeaker in the halls. Todays private schools employ sophisticated communication systems that range from high tech to the most primitive modes of communication. Apps allow students and faculty to respond to a push message, noting if they are safe and where they are located if necessary, ensuring that emergency crews know where the danger is and where to focus their attention first. Those same apps can communicate with families off campus, allowing the school to share pertinent information, including if access to campus is allowed and where to go to find updated information online and off-site safe areas where students will be taken once evacuated from campus.   Licensed Professionals   Whether these professionals are on-staff or on-call, schools have a number of resources available to students and faculty including police and fire departments, EMTs, plumbers, engineers, electricians, nurses, doctors, counselors, and more. These people can assist with all sorts of emergency situations. Emergency Drills Emergency drills are common at schools, allowing students and faculty to experience the drama of an emergency and practice how to react. School officials can practice enabling automatically locking external doors and classroom teachers can practice using manual internal locking systems on classroom doors that let them secure the door and block viewable access to the classroom in seconds. Friend and Foe situations can be carried out, during which colored cards and specific verbal codes can be used to ensure that friends are attempting to access the room. And all this happens after faculty undergoes extensive training on how to respond to emergency situations.   Are private schools safe? Are private schools safer than public schools? Well, while no school is 100 percent guaranteed to never have an issue, many private schools are working diligently to provide the safest learning and living environments around.

18th Century Debate - 5557 Words

18th Century Debates Dark Age or a Period of Continuity and Change? Types of Questions 1. 2003- Recent writing (revisionists) on the 18th century have considerably altered our understanding of the period. Elaborate. 2. 2005- In what ways have recent historical writings challenged the view that the 18th century was a â€Å"Dark age†? 3. 2010-Can the 18th century can be characterized as a â€Å"Dark Age†? Discuss with reference to some of the recent writings. INTRODUCTION: The political, economic and social transitions witnessed in 18th century India have been subject to great historical debate. Most historians view this century as marked by two important transitions – (i) in the first half of the 18th century the decline of the Mughal empire and the†¦show more content†¦Satish Chandra revised his argument and put an economic spin on it. He like Ali held that jagirs became few and infertile. Yet he linked this to an economic argument that, few and infertile jagirs led to an increasing discrepancy in estimated revenue (jama) and actual revenue (hasil) which led to a decreased ability of state officials to collect revenue regularly, thus fuelling a fiscal crisis. Amongst the economic decline arguments Irfan Habib’s view is one of the strongest within the â€Å"Dark Century† conceptualization. Habib says that Mughal Empire was highly centralization, from Akbar’s time onwards. This centralization was seen in the univer sal land tax, systematic revenue assessment and collection, with a share going to zamidars (local claimants) that operated, as well as highly uniform revenue assignment tenures and revenue collections from far away territories of the empire. Thus Habib says the administration was a dominant factor in the economy. Looking at the 18th century, Habib argues for economic decline. He says from the late 17th century as Francois Bernier observed there was a process of economic decay in India, due to unrestricted authority of the jagirdars who were assigned lands for unpredictably short tenures by the emperor. Accepting this view Habib argued there was an increased pressure for revenue by jagirdars, which led to a flightShow MoreRelatedBooks Were an Important Part of Life in the Late 18th Century. Why Was That the Case? Are Books Important Today or Have They Been Supplanted by Other Forms of Mass Communication?1582 Words   |  7 Pagesof 1653. Eighteenth Century Americans were mainly interested in reading books about practical arts, religious and the politics as well. American does have a long tradition on reading habits since long back. Thus they are proved to be improved in vocal, public expressions both towards and against throughout reading skills. Novels are the entertaining seldom read by Americans in the 18th century. 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Of them even fewer were brave enough to speak it.† (AmazingRead MoreEssay on The Early Renaissance559 Words   |  3 Pageswith the Early Renaissance at the start of the 15th century. As time has progressed, things have modified within societies to mold with the new ways of thinking for that time. Between the years of the 1400s and the 1800s this world has undergone many changes. Focusing on Europe, the major forces of change were in politics, economics, and religion. In modern European history political effort were supplied by the state. Early in the 15th century political warfare was the theme of everyday lifeRead MoreSlave Trade Abolition Of Britain And United States Essay1298 Words   |  6 Pageslike tobacco. The slavery was practiced all over the American colonies in 17th and 18th centuries. These slaves helped in building the economy of the new nation. Invention of cotton solidified the belief that more workers were needed to work in the farm and ginnery. 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Soc Week 4 Paper Free Essays

Week 4 Assignment 1 Soc 100 July 29, 2012 In this paper I will be discussing the article â€Å"Study of delinquent, diverted, and high-risk adolescent girls: Implications for mental health intervention†. I will start by giving a brief summary of the article I have chosen. Followed by discussing the type of article this is and my conclusion I have drawn form the information found in this article. We will write a custom essay sample on Soc Week 4 Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lastly I will discuss how this article fits into our sociology class as well as how this article differs from non-scholarly periodicals The article begins by describing the issue of increasing numbers of adolescent girls being entered into our nation’s juvenile judicial system. The study aims to assess the most common risk factors that are affecting adolescent girls being entered into the juvenile judicial system. It also aims to find the effectiveness of the prevention factors in place to keep adolescents out of the system. For the study a survey was administered over the course of nine months to a hundred and fifty-nine adolescent girls. These adolescent girls were broken into three categories delinquent, diverted and high-risk. Delinquent girls are the girls that have been entered in the juvenile justice system in some form ranging from home care to a penitentiary. The diverted girls group consists of girls that have engaged in behaviors that have brought them to the attention of the juvenile justice system but instead of being entered into the judicial system were referred to some form of community-based services. Lastly is the high-risk group which are girls are receiving services in programs as a result of problems or behaviors that have them at risk of involvement with the juvenile justice system. The risk factors assessed included delinquent behavior, experiences of discrimination, negative life events, child trauma such as abuse or neglect, depression and suicide attempts just to name a few. Some of the protective factors assessed included mental health services used, positive school experiences, positive peer involvement and rational coping behaviors. The results from the surveys provided the information that on average the girls in all program types reported mild to moderate levels of depression, but girls in closed residential juvenile justice placement were significantly more depressed than girls involved in the home-based programs. Another surprising result was that nearly one third of the total sample had reported that they have considered suicide. In almost every scenario girls in closed residential juvenile justice placement experienced higher numbers in child trauma, negative age and peer relations, delinquent behavior etc. he only factor that all the girls represented similar experiences were in the form of discrimination. All girls reported some form of discrimination but no one group reported increased amounts. This article is a combination of previous research and new data because though this research added the element of high risk adolescents there has been previous research done dealing with delinquents and diverted adolescents. I also like the article stated find the research to be incomplete in that no true definitive conclusions can be drawn from the limited samples taken solely in this study. From this article I believe that there should be more focus on understanding the risk factors that contribute to delinquency in adolescents. I also believe there should be more preventive programs in place to help promote proper mental health for our adolescents which I believe will lead to less adolescents in our juvenile judicial system. Though we may not be able to stop the predisposed risk factors such as impoverished conditions, having unstable family systems, living in multiple out-of-home placements we can change the programs in place to better support adolescents in these situations. I believe this article enforces the concepts we have learned in chapter five on socialization. This article proves how much early childhood experiences and the family element play a role in development of adolescents. I believe more research in the mental development of underprivileged adolescents needs to be done. I am a firm believer that there are not enough programs in place to aid underprivileged children in this country and that we take too much of a one size fits all approach in development of our adolescents. Research like this proves there are mental development differences dependent on your upbringing and early family element and more work needs to be done to aid these adolescents. From my experience I generally find the material in scholarly periodicals has more reliable information than non-scholarly periodicals. I find that the scholarly periodicals are usually written by or reported by the people actually performing the research. Non-scholarly periodicals are generally written for the general public and usually are a summary of information found elsewhere. I find both scholarly and non-scholarly periodicals to be very similar in many aspects simply because the main goal is to get the information out. This being said it not uncommon to find flashy titles or distinguishing fonts to help draw and audience. I believe this paper provides a clear explanation of the concepts expressed in the article as they pertain to adolescent girls involved in the juvenile judicial system. From the results of the study I believe that it is clear that this is a rising issue and without a push to better the situation it will only get worse. Work Cited: Ruffolo, Mary C. , Sarri, Rosemary. , Goodkind, Sara.. â€Å"Study of delinquent, diverted, and high-risk adolescent girls: Implications for mental health intervention. † Social Work Research 4(2004):237. eLibrary. Web. 29 Jul. 2012. How to cite Soc Week 4 Paper, Papers

Hardships of Southern Sharecropping Essay Example For Students

Hardships of Southern Sharecropping Essay For many people in the 1930s living conditions were not asadequate as they needed to be. The stock market had just crashedin 1928, and the US was in the midst of the Great Depression. Many people suffered from lack of money, and many others sufferedfrom lack of food. One group of people who suffered greatlyduring this time period were the southern share croppers. Factors that caused the substandard living conditions of thesouthern share croppers in the 1930s include lack of education,poor health care, and inadequate living facilities. The first factor that caused the substandard livingconditions of the southern share croppers was their lack ofeducation. There were several reasons the share croppers didntget the education they needed. One main reason was because manychildren didnt go to school. Harold Walker writes that Southerncotton states ranked lower in rate of attendance for each studentenrolled than any of the other states in the nation (4). Afactor that contributed to this was their excessive mobility,which inhibited many children from going to school (Corder 27). It is common knowledge that any child who constantly moves aroundwill not be able to attend school on a regular basis, and even ifthey go to a school when they get a chance they will be so farbehind they would have a difficult time catching up. Anotherfactor that impeded on a childs attendance at school was thefact that they never went to school when there was cotton to bepicked (Walker 8). This may not seem like a large task, but sometimes it coul d take weeks to pick all the cotton. These fewweeks that a child spent picking cotton was valuable learningtime, and missing it could put a child too far behind to catchup. Another reason share croppers didnt get the education theyneeded was because many southern rural schools had short terms(Gentry 21). Because of this teachers would not be able to coverall of the material that they needed to cover, or they would haveto rush through the material they did cover. A final reason theeducation of the southern cotton states was not as good as otherstates was because their teachers were not as good. This wasreflected in the fact that the salaries of Southern teachers werenot as high as the salaries of other teachers (Mckeon 98). Backin the 1930s the higher a teachers salary was the higher theirquality and training was (Mckeon 98). This meant that whenchildren did go to school they did not get adequate teaching. Because of all of these reasons education of the Southern cottonstates was at an all time low. The children were not getting theeducation they needed, so they were forced to work thesubstandard jobs such as sharecropping. This meant that theirchildren would not get the education they needed, either. It wasa cycle that led to the lowering of the general living conditionsof southern share croppers, but lack of education was not theonly factor that lowered the living conditions of the shareAnother reason the living conditions of the southern sharecroppers were so low was because they had poor health care. Tobegin with the tenant farmers did not eat in a healthy manner. Mckeon writes that many tenant farmers in the South said thatgarden vegetables, milk, butter, and eggs were never a part oftheir diet (116). One of the main things that they did eat wassowbelly, a fat salty pork (Walker 33). Because they ate sopoorly it was hard for them to stay healthy. Another healthconcern of the tenant farmers was that their clothing was verycoarse and not warm enough (Gentry 38). Many of the men woredenim overalls and the women wore cheap cotton and homemadeunderwear, if any at all (Gentry 38). Wearing clothing like thiscould be very hard on a person during the winter months, andcould easily lead to diseases such as the flu or pneumonia. These diseases were hard for the poor sharecroppers to combatbecause it was hard for them to afford any medication, if therewere any medications at all to help them out. Another diseasethat plagued the southern sharecroppers was typhoid fever (Gentry31). This disease was spread through contaminated wells and tooka heavy toll on the life and energy of a person (Gentry 31). Malaria, which led to several fatalities, was also a seriousproblem for the tenant farmers (Corder 98). It was a majorproblem for many of the unfitting men, and the men who workedlong energetic hours (Corder 98). With all of these healthhazards it was hard for the southern share croppers to stayhealthy. To make the problem even worse there were not eno ughhealth care facilities to take care of the sick. Walker writesthat in the 1930s there was an average of 210 persons perhospital bed in the south, while the national average was only120 (10). This led to many overcrowded hospitals, and many timesthe sick had to be sent home and took care of there. The badthing about this was that the disease could be spread around thefamily, and soon around the community because there was nothingto contain it. Because of this the living conditions of thesouthern sharecroppers continued to decline, and it became harderand harder for them to make a better life for themselves. .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d , .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d .postImageUrl , .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d , .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d:hover , .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d:visited , .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d:active { border:0!important; } .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d:active , .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub81e63ec6dd8daef1757bd07420fab5d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: On the Human Experience and Tradition Essay Another major problem many of the southern sharecroppersfaced was poor housing. In many cases the houses of the southernsharecroppers were in horrid condition. Walker writes that manyof the houses were huts on the verge of collapsing (17). Many ofthese huts were on the verge of collapsing into the water thatsurrounded them (Walker 4). To get to these houses surrounded bywater logs were placed in a makeshift manner, and it was verydangerous to cross (Walker 4). A misplaced foot or a slipperylog could easily have led to a severe injury, or maybe evendeath. The surrounding water could have also been an easy placefor diseases, or dangerous animals to manifest, yet creatinganother health problem for the tenant farmers. Houses for thesouthern share croppers of this time were usually only two orthree rooms, which made it almost impossible for anyone to haveprivacy or decency (Walker 87). The close living conditions alsomade it easier for germs to spread, which meant that when oneperson in a family got sick the rest of the family got sick alongwith them. The construction of these shacks that the tenantfarmers lived in was also very poor. In many cases the roofswere leaky (Walker 40). In other cases the houses were nevereven painted, which meant that the houses were more susceptibleAfter looking back at the way the southern sharecropperslived it is easy to see that their way of life was well belowwhat is considered decent. These tenant farmers were plaguedwith disease, they lacked a thorough education, and they lived inwretched little shacks that were well below societys standards. It was hard for the sharecroppers to get out of this way of life,though, because they had little money, and their education wasBibliography:

Childhood Obesity in the Contemporary American Society

According to American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry report of 2008, obesity is an increased body mass resulting from fat accumulation in a child’s body, which may cause health dangers to the child. Recent living conditions have resulted to an increase in malnutrition disease. Among the children, obesity is one of health condition that has been caused by the lifestyle that people are continually adopting (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Childhood Obesity in the Contemporary American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To determine the whether a child is obese or not, there are some age expectations that are set and pegged to a certain age that a health child is likely to be having. If the child weight is higher than the given age, with a percentage of over 20% then to child is considered as obese. Child obesity has been o n the rise especially in modern societies where eating habits have changed. The medical condition can be prevented through simple practices and changing of eating habits (McNair, 2009). Children obesity statistics The Unites States of America is believed to be having the highest number of obese children; health officials have observed that there are 23million obese or overweight children in the country, the obese children falls in the ages of between of two years and nineteen years (World Health Organization, 2011). Obese children are not healthy and are at the risk of developing diseases later in life or at tender age. According to CRC Health Group website 2000, 19% of children aged between the ages of 2-11 were obese and 17 % of those aged 12-17 years were obese (Institute of Medicine, 2004). In the world ranking, united states records the highest number of obese children in the world. Between 1999 and 2004, the rate of child obesity has increased for 15.1 to 18.1%; these are chil dren of the ages 6-11. According to institute of medicine report published in 2005, it was estimated that there are approximately 9 million children in United States. The concern for the increase was brought about by increase in diseases that are related to the condition among them diabetes type two. The reports blame parents of lack of control over their children habits but were quick to point out the influence that junk food joint have on the children (Waters, Seidell Swinburn, 2010). Causes of obesity among the Americans A number of factors can be blamed for the occurrence of obesity in children; there is no one single thing that can be blamed on an individual however in most cases, the condition appear when two or more such factors play their role, the following are the main factors:Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Genetic and hormonal McNair, 2009, states that pe ople have different biological making; genetic and hormonal factors influences how bodies accumulate fats on the body; where some people have the tendency of accumulating more fat than other peoples accumulate. When child has a higher tendency of fat accumulation, then chances of becoming obese are high. This cause is the hardest to control however if parents act consciously of this factor, then they can check foods taken by a child to reduce chances of obesity in their children. Familial and nutritional Closely related to genetic factors, some families have the tendency of accumulating more fat than others accumulate, as much as this may be from biological making, it has been influenced greatly by the behavior within a family. Obesity can be seen to run down a family, because of diet and nutritional issues in the family setting. If a family engages in inappropriate eating habits, then children in the family are likely to suffer from obesity (Paxton, 2006). Psychological and physiol ogical factors Children as they grow develop some food likings, when they have the cash to buy the foods, then they are likely to eat junk that might cause a higher consumption of fats causing obesity. Lifestyle adopted by modern children Modern foods, mostly junk foods are freely available for children; this has resulted to a changed eating habits to such foods that increasing the rate of child obesity. In the United States, there are a number of junk foods outlets where children can buy junk food with or without their parents (Ben-Sefer, Ben-Natan Ehrenfeld, 2009). On the other hand, children are now engaging more in in-house games using computers, video games, and television, they do not have the chance to exercise their body and muscles, and this increases their chances of being obese since they do not burn calories they have consumed (Bascetta, 2005). Dangers brought about by obesity According to Paxton, Donahue, Orlean and Grisso, 2006, there are different dangers that come w ith being obese; when a child has a lot of fat deposit in the body, there is a lot of sodium deposited in the body. The resultant is an increased blood volume that increases the rate of blood pressure; increased blood pressure force the heart to work harder a factor that is likely to cause high blood pressure. Children suffering from high blood pressure have their life hampered as they can hardly enjoy their childhood, youthfulness and sometimes it has an effect in adult life.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Childhood Obesity in the Contemporary American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the body has excess fat deposits, there is a high resistance to insulin. When this happens, the body lacks the energy that it requires to maintain at equilibrium. The resultant is type 2 diabetes; diabetes is one of the most dangerous diseases that the world is trying to fight, it is a disease that cannot be cured through managed through daily injections. When there is heavy weight exerted joint and cartilage, there are high chances that the weight will lead to Osteoarthritis, and this offers lifelong complications. The worst medical condition that a person develops from being obese is cancer (Paxton, Donahue, Orleans, Grisso, 2006). Measures that the United States can take to reverse the obesity trends within their country It is better to prevent than cure, obesity can be prevented in the county through the intervention of policy makers, parents and other stakeholders. To address the issue of obesity in the society, the county health department has the role of enforcing rules and regulations as well as creating awareness to the people on how they can change their eating habits for the benefits of their children. The country should ensure that children have enough playing ground, at school or village level so as they can use plays to exercise their bodies. Parents and junk food joints should be held responsible of children health; this can be through regulations that control advertisement of junk foods in the county and ensuring fresh and health foods are sold in the joints (Koplan, Liverman, Kraak, 2005) Every country should have a legislation that aimed at addressing the issue of obesity; it should; Parent’s sensitization on good feeding process to their children, this will be offended in pregnancy clinic where feeding mechanisms of a child before birth and after both will be advocated. Creating awareness on the dangers brought about by being obese, both children and adults obesity: knowledge is power thus when embarked on, it is likely to make people change their behavior Develop guiding brochures to be given alongside birth notification certificate to newborn. The brochures will advise the parent on right feeding process that he should adopt; the material offered should be a method of aggressive anti-obese campaigns Incorporate obesity cases in heal th insurance policies: this will assist the country suffering population to get proper medical attention for general improvement of their conditions To attain the above objectives, there is need for corporation among all stakeholders involved. Parents should be given the mandate of ensuring that theory children are fed in the right way, they should ensure that food eaten by a child whether when with the parent or not is the right kind (Koplan, 2007). Conclusion Children obesity continues to be a challenge to the Americans; to get a remedy for the disease, the government, parents, communities, and patients should join efforts and promote healthy eating habits. At all lengths, junk foods and foods with high fat /oil contents should be avoided; the government has the role of controlling fast food and restaurants businesses. Outdoor activities should also be promoted to ensure that children use the calories they consume in foods. Parents should train their children right eating habits from infancy.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2008). Obesity in children and teens. Web. Bascetta, C. (2005). Childhood Obesity: Most Experts Identified Physical Activity and The Use of Best Practices as Key to Successful Programs. Boston: DIANE Publishing. Ben-Sefer, E., Ben-Natan, M., Ehrenfeld, M. (2009). Childhood obesity: current literature, policy and implications for practice. International Nursing Review, 56(2), 166-173. Koplan, J. (2007). Progress in preventing childhood: How do we measure up? New York: National Academies Press. Koplan, J., Liverman, C., Kraak, V. (2005). Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in The Balance. New York: National Academies Press. McNair, T. (2009). Childhood obesity. BBC Corporation. Web. Paxton, C., Donahue, E. Orleans, T., Grisso, J. (2006). Why should we care about?  childhood obesity? Web. Paxton, C. (2006). Childhood Obesity: The Future of Children. New York: Brookings Institutions Press. Waters, E. Seidell, J Swinb urn, B. (2010). Preventing Childhood Obesity: Evidence  Policy and Practice. New York: John Wiley and Sons. World Health Organization. (2011). Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Web. This research paper on Childhood Obesity in the Contemporary American Society was written and submitted by user Harmony Stone to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Web Design for Selling Self

Web Design for Selling Self Introduction This is a report about a Web site design for selling self-published books. The site provides various books in various aspects of healthy living. Users can download the e-book at a fee.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Web Design for Selling Self-Published Books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many writers have resorted to self-publishing and there is a growing demand for an online business to sell such books. Selling digital books on the Web site has become profitable because of the large market throughout the world and a lack of physical inventory. The owner also has an option of conducting the business from any part of the world with the Internet connection. The e-books shall be useful to users and affect their living habits. Goal Definition The aim of this project is to create a Web site for selling self-published books that will attract younger generations who have interests in various topics ab out. The Web site should have more than 500 visitors in a month. Requirements The need to sale self-published books has increased with the development and accessibility of the Internet technologies. The Web site shall use effective payment options that are available in various parts of the world than what other businesses offer. The Web site shall have the following requirements in order to ensure professional services to visitors and users (Eccher 30).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The visitor can start by browsing the available e-books on the subject of interest. The site may also suggest other books of interest for the visitor. Visitors who are members of the Web site can log in their accounts by using their user name and password. New users can register new accounts at the Web site at no cost. However, users who wish not to register may explore the avail able e-books, but they cannot purchase any item from the site. Users who have logged into their accounts can place their orders by specifying the required e-books, the number of copies needed and other important details, and then adding them to the cart. The system shall verify order details and provide the customer with the amount to pay for the items. In case of any challenge, the system instructs the user to change some of the details. The customer may repeat the process until no more challenges can be noticed. The system shall also verify that the customer has placed the right order, check the quality of the e-book. The customer will also specify the format of the e-book and the type of file (such as PDF, html, rtf,.doc etc). The customer may then execute the payment of the items by entering the appropriate payment details. The system shall support different options lack credit cards, VISA, PayPal, and other e-pay solutions. Prices of all items shall be in the US dollar equivale nt. The system must verify all payment details and establish the user’s identity in order to protect customers. Once the customer has executed the payment, he or she will receive a confirmation message through notification border in the account, personal e-mail, and phone number. In addition, the system sends the message to the department to effect the transaction.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Web Design for Selling Self-Published Books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After this process, the system then sends the e-book to the customer provided e-mail for download or the customer can get the e-book in the account he or she opened with the company. Before the transaction is complete, users also have a chance to terminate the transaction. Visitor The system shall also provide opportunities for customers to provide their feedback and suggestions on how to improve services, the Web site, and any other ar ea of interest to them. Fig. 1: Use case diagram The use case diagram represents the stages of making the online e-book transactions. It shows the scope of the Web site, functional areas, and possible interactions between the visitors and the Web site (Ambler 1). The major players in these processes are: Customer: the customer or the visitor is the major player in this process. The company provides opportunities for a customer in another location to purchase the book via the online method. Administrator: the administrator can control the entire process of the customer’s interaction with the system. He also takes the role of the system operator and supports the entire process involved in e-book purchase. The administrator verifies all the details and interacts with the customer during the purchase process.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Database server: the database server stores the members’ identities and other details. It is also important during the registration of a new member. Web server: the Web server contains details of e-books, costs, shopping cart, address, comment areas, rating, e-mail addresses, and other important aspects of the Web site. Users initiate the process by logging on to the system. On the other hand, new visitors can register and become a member. The customer can browse the available books, review their contents, and choose the suitable book. In addition, the customer can review the book, rate, and add his or her comments. The customer selects the e-book of interest and adds it to the cart. In case of any challenge, the customer can make changes to the order. He can see costs of the item, which the system sends to the administrator. The customer can then initiate payment by using any of the supported methods. After verification procedures and payment, the administrator can confirm t he payment and send the e-book to the customer. The customer may get the book in his account with the company or in his personal e-mail account. Fig. 2: Online e-book purchasing processes Site Plan Logical Structure The logical structure has assumed a simple form structure (Booch, Rumbaugh and Jacobson 82). However, this structure may change as the design may acquire new features. The site hierarchy has the entire common navigational links. In addition, topical links are also a part of the structure. However, the site avoids complex design to enhance usability and navigation. Visitors can navigate the site freely and move from one content to another. For instance, users can skip ‘About Us’ and transcend to ‘Product’ without passing through other areas. The site plan is clear, simple, and concrete. Thus, it is simple for visitors to navigate from one menu to another without experiences challenges of being lost. Design Prototype The design is interactive to allow the Web site to communicate the entire structure, contents, and functionality with other part is a manner provides ease of modification, usage, and merging without technical challenges. This model shows clickable elements of HTML sections, which users can navigate while in the site. The design shall also have the necessary feel, images, and typography that match an e-book Web site. The page has footer and header. At the Home page, there are also options for Register for new visitors or Member Log for existing users. At the Footer, there are buttons with links about Contact Us, Social media connection, Pricing, Help, and FAQ. The Contact Us link leads the customer to the company’s e-mail address and phone number and physical location. Users have the option of using any of the methods. Under the Pricing tab, customer can view each item with its price tag. In case a customer has challenges, there is a link for help of FAQs. Whenever the user clicks on the Register button, the registration page shall pop up with all the fields for personal detail requirements and other related information. The process is linear to allow users to follow a simple process of registration. Users must enter their last names, first names, e-mail address, zip (if applicable), phone number, physical address, and country. The user must then enter the password and confirm it by retyping the same password. In case of any error, the system will highlight the section with the problem, and the users can make the required changes. After this process, users can then click the button ‘finish registration’. It will show that the registration is successful, and the system automatically directs the new user to member’s page. However, users can also cancel their registration by clicking the registration button. The Login page leads the user to where they can enter their user e-mail addresses and password in order to gain access to their account and member’s pag e. Users have the option of ‘remember my log in details’, which they can confirm or reject. The system also has a Log out button for users who have completed their transactions. Once in the member’s area or in the account section, users can browse the available list of e-books, reviews, and ratings. User can also add comments and rate a book. They can choose a book of their interests and review its content before making a decision to purchase. Users can click on the remove button to remove an item from a list, or they can click on the cancel button to abandon the entire process. The customer can make the order and specify the quantity. All items have their price tags. The system has automatic total price calculation, which the customer can see at the bottom of the list. The payment button allows the customer to enter his or her payment information based on the preferred method. They can also cancel the transaction at this stage. The price list and total price are visible to the customer. The payment process requires the necessary customer’s information. A customer can choose to pay by card or use online payment solutions. In the case of online payment, the customer will just enter the e-mail address and link to the payment account. He will then confirm the required fields and verify information entered. The card option shall require the name, card number, and date of expiry. The process must undergo all security verification procedures before the customer can execute payment. The customer can then click the ‘confirmation’ and ‘submit button’ in order to execute the transaction. They can also cancel the order at this stage. The system automatically generates transaction details and sends to the customer activity section, personal e-mail, and specified mobile number. In addition, the notification and confirmation message also appears on the screen. Site Implementation After the prototype stage, the designer mu st now implement the site. In this phase, the designer only dealt with three phases. The first phase involves the implementation of the site structure design. The aim is to ensure that the designer distributed all contents of the prototype in a way that is user-friendly and logical. The designer had various users’ behaviors in mind and used WSDM (Web search and data mining) as the guiding principle in the process. However, the designer also recognized that he could not foresee future behaviors of the users. Therefore, the decision was on a speculative approach. Whereas the designer could measure other technical aspects like financial, time, and technical challenges, he could not measure users’ behaviors when using the site. The second phase involved the presentation of the design of the Web site. The aim was to create a favorable feel and look of the site. In this process, the designer used a layout that accounted for users’ characteristics and mission of the co mpany. The designer used templates in order to reduce several cases of testing, create a consistent design, and enhance the speed of the process. The approach allowed the designer to use automated codes and other graphic parts. The use of the templates also ensured that the Web site had a good layout for controlling different pages and functions. In fact, the designer realized that it was simple and cost-effective to use templates that only require insertion of information in the fields. The third phase was the logical data design, which aimed to provide appropriate data for users. The designer presented information in various chunks and parts. This process only strived to ensure that customers got the necessary information they sought. Thus, the designer concentrated on developing a perfect ontology for data. The designer used XML tool in this process. During the site implementation process, the designer ensured that the database was maintainable, allow for modification, could not interfere with other functions, and fast enough for users. Overall, the logical data design remained useful to the programmer. The designer relied on a Query Builder in order to develop such a database with a logical design. The designer used Web Builder tool like WYSIWYG (What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get) to develop different Web pages. WYSIWYG allowed the designer to customize the site due to its several features, scripts, and templates. The Adobe Dreamweaver supported several processes, improved the workflow, and reduced time during the coding process. It had library code snippets server debug, and other coding tools. The designer could view the CSS as a whole unit. This made the process simple by allowing the user designer to see the style, identify areas for changes, and edit the style without changing the code. The designer generated important features like object chunks, structure of the site, navigation systems, logical data system, design templates, page model, images, text are as, logo areas, and typo styles. Testing Functionality Testing The designer tested for links of Web pages, connections, cookies, links for information submission and receiving. It also involved testing for â€Å"internal links, e-mail links, orphan pages, broken links, and links going to the same page† (Ash 23). Testing also covers all pages. Forms validate all lists in every field and default values. The designer also tested for cookies and HTML/CSS. Users could scroll the site without difficulties. Database testing This tested for consistency of information in the site, query results, retrieval, and updates. Usability Testing This involved testing for the ease of navigation, usage, clear instructions, and availability of the Main menu. There were no spelling errors. Color and font were visible. All contents were within the frame. All images had appropriate size. Interface Testing The designer tested for interface elements like â€Å"Web server and database server† (A sh 23). The designer ensured that all interface features interacted properly. There was a logical model for handling errors from application servers. The designer also tested for effects of interruption during transactions. The system always requested the user to cancel and confirm the process. Compatibility Testing This involved testing with different browsers, the mobile version, and printing options due different configuration. The Web site must match these standards. The designer used cross browser to ensure compatibility with the major browsers. AJAX required testing for user interface functionality, security testing, and other validation processes. The designer tested the Web site on various browsers like Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer, and Opera browser among others. OS compatibility The designer tested for the Web site â€Å"functionality and compatibility with the various Operating Systems† (Nguyen, Johnson and Hackett 34). Not all graphic designs and interfaces may be compatible with the current Operating Systems. The designer tested OS like Windows, Solaris, and Linux among others. Mobile browsing The new age of technology has shifted to mobile devices, and mobile devices have increased Internet accessibility. Therefore, the designer tested for the Web site on a mobile browser for compatibility (Nguyen, Johnson and Hackett 34). Printing options Customers who wish to print their transaction details should not experience challenges. The designer tested for suitability of fonts, graphics, and page alignment for proper printing. Performance testing The Web site should bear the greatest load and stress. The designer tested for loading and connection speed. The system could handle several requests, large data, and connection to database and upload to certain pages. Stress testing The designer tested if the system could â€Å"handle large loads beyond its specified limits† (Nguyen, Johnson and Hackett 34). The areas of focus included log in, registration pages, and other input fields. The crash report was significant for future improvements. The designer also tested for stress functionality on various browsers, Oss, hardware, and, memory capacities, and software. Security Testing Finally, the designer tested for the Web site security features. The system had the ability to record all transactions, error messages, and unauthorized attempts of logins. Releasing The Web site was ready for a release after testing. The designer observed whether the Web site met users’ expectations. Users had the option of proving feedback about the overall site experience. The process also involved measures of goals and any possible correction required for the Web site functionality and usability. The Web site shall require constant maintenance in terms of improving current features, technology improvement, and changes in the visual features. In addition, the site shall require regular update of available books. Ambler, Scott. Us er Interface Design Tips, Techniques, and Principles. 2012. Web. Ash, Lydia. The Web Testing Companion: The Insiders Guide to Efficient and Effective Tests. New York: Wiley, 2003. Print. Booch, Grady, James Rumbaugh and Ivar Jacobson. The Unified Modeling Language User Guide, 2nd ed. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2005. Print. Eccher, Clint. Professional Web Design: Techniques and Templates, 4th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. Nguyen, Hung, Robert Johnson and Michael Hackett. Testing Applications on the Web: Test Planning for Mobile and Internet-Based Systems, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 2003. Print.

Political, Fiscal and Programmatic Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Political, Fiscal and Programmatic Power - Essay Example National Governments assumed more and more power and the original spirit of the federalism under which states had a role too diminished. Though the federalism emerged as a concept of sharing the powers of the states and the national government however, the power naturally shifted towards the national government. Though this may be considered as good however, states being the laboratories for democracy tend to have their own role too. The founding fathers of the country established this mechanism of governance in order to control the overlapping of powers between different organs of the State however, the power ultimately shifted. Over the period of time, powers such as fiscal, political as well as programmatic have been largely in the hands of national government. This paper will therefore discuss as to whether these powers should be shifted towards the states or not in order to streamline the powers between national governments and states. Federalism in US It is argued that the fede ralism emerged out of a political necessity and it was established in order to consolidate the different states under one national government. One of the plausible explanations of the federalism was actually to prevent the rise of the power holders and balance the powers between different power holders. ... (Gerston, 2007) Theoretically, a federal system is based upon a system in which the overall power and authority is shared between a central government at the national level and different sub-governments. This very characteristics of dividing the power between different players actually limits the authority and also preserve the representative democracy. As such , federalism blends both the centralized as well as de-centralized political systems thus creating a fusion of governance mechanism which can ensure transparency and balance. Historically, however, except the general assignments as outlined specifically within US constitution, there has been a critical struggle between the national governments and states to maintain the powers between themselves. The overlapping of powers, roles and responsibilities between states and national government therefore requires critical insight and exploration into the practical nature of the federalism and whether it has achieved its objectives or not. The era from great depression to at least 1980s, even the apex court of the country gave decisions based on entrusting greater powers to the national government under the impression that strong central government is necessary for ensuring fiscal stability within the country. States and National Government National Government, in US, evolved as a result of creating a policy making entity at the top. As such the laws passed by the Congress almost touched every aspect of human life. This approach towards law making and the historical tendency of the Congressmen to pass laws with uniform policy implications for the social sphere of life at least have been historically on rise. Right from

Moore's Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Moore's Law - Research Paper Example This is basically the same definition as the initial one, but using the phrase ‘more transistors’ is being more specific in the definition (Sami 23-29). As a self-fulfilling foresight and a target for industry Even though this rule was primarily created in the form of prophesy and observation, it became popular more widely, as it served as more as an objective for the whole industry. This forced both the departments of engineering and marketing of the manufacturers of semiconductors to put their attention on massive energy that aim for the specific rise in the power of processing that it was considered one or even more of their rivals would soon achieve. In this regard, we find that it can be perceived as a self-fulfilling foresight. The second law of Moore As the costs of the power of computer drops on the side of the consumers, the costs on the side of the manufacturers in fulfilling the rule of Moore goes in an opposite trend; production and costs of tests have gone u p considerably with each new invention of chips. The increasing costs of manufacturing are a critical consideration for the sustenance of the Moore’s rule. This had resulted in the establishment of the second law or Moore, known as the Rock’s law (Myslewski 2013). The law states that the semiconductor’s cost also rises significantly with time. ... Main facilitating factors and the future trends Several innovations by numerous engineers together with scientists have been considerable factors in the law of Moore’s sustenance since the start of the period of integrated circuit. While assembling a comprehensive list of such imperative contributions would be as interesting and attractive as it would be tough. The roadmaps of the industry of computer technology projects that the rule will continue being there for many chip generations to come. After the time of doubling that is used in the calculations, we find that this could imply that there will be up to about hundredfold rise in the count of transistor per chip in a decade. Nonetheless, the technology roadman of the industry of semiconductor uses a time of doubling of about three years for the microprocessors, resulting to a tenfold rise during the following decade. For instance, Intel, in 2005, was reported as claiming that the silicon chips’ downsizing with prope r economics would continue being there in the following decade, and also in the year 2008 as projecting the pattern all through to the year 2029. The law’s ultimate limit Gordon Moore, In April 2005, asserted that the rule cannot continue existing forever. He argued that the exponentials’ nature is that they are pushed out and a disaster eventually occurs. Moreover, he claimed that the transistors would ultimately attain the heights of minimization at the levels of atoms. When we look at the size of the transistors, we find that they are reaching that of which is a serious blockade, even though it will be two or even three generation chips before it reaches that far (Crothers 2013). However, that is as far as it has been able to be seen. Moore further stated that there are still

Cheating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cheating - Essay Example Cheating can also be used interchangeably with infidelity, when someone â€Å"cheats† on his or her spouse or partner; it means they are involved in an affair with another person in secret. Herein, cheating involves dishonesty since one has made their partner believes they are faithful to them and the fact that they are emotionally or physically involved with someone else constitutes cheating. In this case, it can involve anything from sexual activity to holding hand, kissing or/making out depending on the understating of the parties concerned. Cheating can also involve using unfair methods to win or gain advantage in a situation that should otherwise be neutral for all. For instance, a student entering the exam room with notes or gaining access to the questions prior to the exam; such individuals are cheating because they increase their chances of outperforming their colleagues, not by working harder, but by manipulating circumstance to make the exam easier for them. Ultimately, cheating denotes and connotes deliberate dishonesty or deception, and from the examples given, it is clear that cheating is used to give people an unfair advantage, deceive and /or exploit

People Should Aim For Moderation In All Things Philosophy Essay

People Should Aim For Moderation In All Things Philosophy Essay Leading a happy life is the common end of human being. To reach this goal, there are many steps to be walked and there many ideas to be came up with. One among several famous saying of Aristotle introduced that means. Aristotle asserted that people should aim for moderation in all things. What indeed does the assertat5ion mean? Before starting in-depth elaboration about this saying, we should have a glimpse into the brief background of Aristotle. Aristotle was born in Greece (384 BCE). He was the pupil of Plato who was the student of Socrates. Aristotle is a celebrated figure in ancient Greek philosophy. Aristotle made considerable contribution to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, botany, ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance and theatre. Although he was the student of Plato, he was more empirical and rejected the Platos theory. Aristotle emphasizes on good reasoning and virtue. What is virtue? The distinct ability to control desire with the help of reason is call moral virtue. Virtue is attributed to the study of ethic. Ethics has several meanings. It is often used to refer to a set of standards of right and wrong established by a particular group and imposed on members of that group as a mean of regulating and setting limits on their behavior (Boss, 2004, p5). The main emphasis of Aristotles ethic study is his doctrine of the mean. The doctrine of mean is found in both Eastern and Western philosophies. According to this doctrine, virtues simply entail moderation or seeking the middle path (Boss, 2004, p393). The great idea of Aristotle is reasonable for many reasons. First it aims to guide people live in a virtuous manner. It is crucial to us to maintain and practice good behavior and avoid committing aggressive actions that consider vice. The ethic as mentioned in Aristotle ideology is the main tool for regulating individuals behavior progress. Virtuous deed brings people dignity. For example, if a statesman is a corrupted person, he will be sent to the justification if found guilty. If he is too docile or lack of the courage to maintain strong minded and practicable capability, he will be consider to be unhelpful to his citizen. Then come denounce or condemnation. If he chose the moderation way to lead his country, the country may walk toward the road of prosperity. The doctrine of mean in the context of leading the country, for example, mean the leader is a wise person who takes the responsibility to bring the country the glorification. Those actions include, not to think about the po licy of invasion of other states for the sake of territorial expansion, because that action sill triggers the war and causes the devastative destruction. On the other hand, the leader should not be too comfortable on the mountain of essence, luxurious living and joyful activities. By doing so, he will have no time to think about the development of the nation. The illnesses in the society will not be settled. The better way for him is to live in a moderate ling standard and allocate his time to finding the ways or technique to enhance technology, education, environmental and social progress. One obvious and worthwhile learning account is the Singapore priminister. Throughout the history of Singapore, the priministers were and are famous for cleanses government and economic achievement. The account means that there is no corruption in the country. People of Singapore are highly educated and virtuous. The intention to committing any bad action is totally cut off. Other interesting example is Switzerland. I once saw from the media that the Swedish actually dont know how to bribe. Although it sounds incredible to may other, it is the indisputable fact that was proves by the Number One ranking in the international transparency report as no-corruption nation in the world. The points mentioned above concerning that two nation are convincing enough to prove that moderation mean not only bring people their fame, but also push the country to development. The doctrine of mean enhance the inner strongness. Most virtues entail finding the mean between excess and deficiency. For example, concerning about the human natural emotion, if he fear nothing, he is too courage, if he fear everything, he is coward. Both pointed situations are vice. It is hard to take the moderate way to reach the best of the Aristotle theory. People, still have to make determine effort to develop the good mental well-being. If a man manages to do so, he will have the internal tranquility. The internal peace regulates the external activities not to harm others or to exploit the others. This builds up the harmonic world. Example, Denmark is ranked in the safest country in the world. People in Denmark do not rob, steal or fight each other. We can imagine how happy we are if we were deposited in such a peaceful country. Again, moral virtue of internal peace makes the world a better place to live. People value respecting each other. The doctrine of mean, at the same time, is beneficial to human physical health. Just take a simple example, eating too much food makes people be obese. Whereas eating too little food weaken people and bring disease. This is just the easy to understand philosophy of Aristotle, but is worth it penny to be taken into account. People should schedule their eating habit, exercising, entertaining and learning. . It is crucial to lead a healthy life. Finding the balance, in doing such daily living activities no time it destructs our progress. Taking one other example, sleeping to many hours makes people lazy, brains thinking process slow down and no energy. While sleep less makes people exhausted and unproductive in thinking. As a result they should follow the guideline of doctor. People in young age sleep around 10 hours. People in teen age sleep 8 hours. The amount of time to sleep be taken lesser for people when they grow older. That is the road of moderation. The doctrine of mean improves critical thinking. To find the best solutions or take effecrtive3 measure for a particular issue, people should think critically. For example, if eat 100 apples is too many and eat zero apple is the least. It doesnt mean you should eat 50 apples comply with the math mean. Rather, the mean based on the merit of the situation. What is more, regarding the drinking of alcoholic drink such as beer or wine, it is reasonable to drink somewhat larger amount in the cold weather area, but not in the not climate area. If not conform to the average guidance, the merit of the wine will torn to be the harmful tool. The consequence of this excessive and shortage needs careful thought of ours to avoid any unexpected outcome of the action. It is not only the fact in real life that support the assertatoin of Aristotle. Rather the Buddhist ethics, for example, denounces the extremes of excessive indulgence and self-mortification or self-denial. For Buddha, the path of liberation-the life of virtue and inner peace-entailing taking the middle path. The same, Confucian clamed: Equilibrium is the great foundation of the world, and harmony is its universal truth. The mean in Confucian ethics entails doing what is proper to ones station in life. One fact is too stingy to give out your help is unfavorable, but too generous to give to the poor place the undue burden on their children and on the society to support them in their old age. Leaving away from the middle mean arouse the social controversy and unsecure. There only the time of plague and fire. The reason is that people are all seeking for power and protect their own interest. Sometimes they are too defensive. Sometimes they are too offensive. Considering that fact that the process of choosing the secretary General of the United Nation is so critical. The candidate must be highly educated and be free of nationalism. By doing so, there wont be any political bias ever happen. Thus the corruption, mismanagement and inefficiency of the institute lessen. The body doesnt serve only the goal of the super power and be manipulated by the major power. To sum up, Aristotles assertation is a golden mean to a significant extent. It discloses the human actual teaching path to the peaceful and happy destination. We have to do the right thing in the right place at the right time by the right mean to for the favorable and good result.

Dell :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Dell In 1984, at the age of 19, Michael Dell founded Dell Computer with a simple vision and business concept—that personal computers could be built to order and sold directly to customers. Michael Dell believed his approach to PC manufacturing had two advantages: (1) bypassing distributors and retail dealers eliminated the markups of resellers, and (2) building to order greatly reduced the costs and risks associated with carrying large stocks of parts, components, and finished goods. While Dell Computer sometimes struggled during its early years in trying to refine its strategy, build an adequate infrastructure, and establish market credibility against better-known rivals, its build-to-order and sell-direct approach proved appealing to growing numbers of customers in the mid-1990s as global PC sales rose to record levels. And, just as important, the strategy gave the company a substantial cost and profit-margin advantage over rivals that manufactured PCs in volume and kept their di stributors and retailers stocked with ample inventories. Going into 1998, Dell Computer had a 12 percent share of the PC market in the United States, trailing only Compaq Computer and IBM, which held first and second place in the market, respectively. Worldwide, Dell Computer had nearly a 6 percent market share (see Exhibit 1). And the company was gaining market share quickly in all of the world's markets. The company's fastest growing market for the past several quarters was Europe. Even though Asia's economic woes in the first quarter of 1998 resulted in a slight decline in Asian sales of PCs, Dell's sales in Asia rose 35 percent. Dell's sales at its Internet Web site were averaging $5 million a day and were expected to reach $1.5 billion annually by year-end 1998. Dell Computer had 1997 revenues of $12.3 billion, up from $3.4 billion in 1994—a compound average growth rate of 53 percent. Over the same period, profits were up from $140 million to $944 million—an 89 percent growth rate. Since 1990, the company's stock price h ad exploded from a split-adjusted price of 23 cents per share to $83 per share in May 1998—a 36,000 percent increase. Dell Computer was the top-performing big company stock so far during the 1990s and seemed poised to become the stock of the decade. Dell's principal products included desktop PCs, notebook computers, workstations, and servers. The company also marketed a number of products made by other manufacturers, including CD-ROM drives, modems, monitors, networking hardware, memory cards, storage devices, speakers, and printers.

A MANAGER’S GUIDE TO GOVERNMENT IN THE MARKET PLACE Essay

A MANAGER’S GUIDE TO GOVERNMENT IN THE MARKET PLACE TABLE OF CONTENTS I.INTRODUCTION II.MARKET FAILURE A.MARKET POWER B.EXTERNALITIES C.PUBLIC GOODS D.INCOMPLETE INFORMATION III.RENT SEEKING IV.GOVERNMENT POLICY A.QUOTAS B.TARIFFS V.CONCLUSION I.INTRODUCTION According to Mr. Michael Bay, author of the Book, â€Å"Managerial Economics and Business Strategy†, they have treated the market as a place where firms and consumers come together to trade goods and services with no intervention from government. But as you are aware, rules and regulations that are passed and enforced by government enter into almost every decision firms and consumers make. As a manager, it is important to understand the regulations passed by government, why such regulations have been passed, and how they affect optimal managerial decisions. We will begin by examining four reasons why free markets may fail to provide the socially efficient quantities of goods: (1) market power, (2) externalities, (3) public goods, and (4) incomplete information. The book analysis includes an overview of government policies designed to alleviate these â€Å"market failures† and an explanation of how the policies affect managerial decisions. The power of politicians to  institute policies that affect the allocation of resources in markets provides those adversely affected with an incentive to engage in lobbying activities. The book will illustrate the underlying reasons for these types of rent-seeking activities. The book will examine how these activities can lead politicians to impose restrictions such as quotas and tariffs in markets affected by international trade. LEARNING OBJECTIVES †¢Identify four sources of market failure †¢Explain why market power reduces social welfare, and identify two types of government policies aimed at reducing deadweight loss. †¢Show why externalities can lead competitive markets to provide socially inefficient quantities of goods and services; explain how government policies, such as the Clean Air Act, can improve resource allocation. †¢Show why competitive markets fail to provide socially efficient levels of public goods; explain how the government can mitigate these inefficiencies. †¢Explain why incomplete information compromises the efficiency of markets, and identify five government policies aimed at mitigating these problems. †¢Explain why government attempts to solve market failures can lead to additional inefficiencies because of â€Å"rent-seeking† activities. †¢Show how government policies in international markets, such as quotas and tariffs, impact the prices and quantities of domestic goods and services. II.MARKET FAILURE Market failure is a concept within economic theory describing when the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not efficient. That is, there exists another conceivable outcome where a market participant may be made better-off without making someone else worse-off. Market failures can be viewed as scenarios where individuals’ pursuit of pure self-interest leads to results that are not efficient – that can be improved upon from the societal point-of-view. The existence of a market failure is often used as a justification for government intervention in a particular market. Economists, especially microeconomists, are often concerned with the causes of correction. Such analysis plays an important role in many types of public  policy decisions and studies. However, some types of government policy interventions, such as taxes, subsidies, bailouts, wage and price controls, and regulations, including attempts to correct market failure, may also lead to an inefficient allocation of resources, sometimes called government failure. HOW IT WORKS / EXAMPLE: Under free market conditions, prices are determined almost exclusively by the forces of supply and demand. Any shift in one of these results in a price change that signals a corresponding shift in the other. Then, the prices return to an equilibrium level. A market failure results when prices cannot achieve equilibrium because of market distortions (for example, minimum wage requirements or price limits on specific goods and services) that restrict economic output. In the other words, government regulations implemented to promote social wellbeing inevitably result in a degree of market failure. MARKET POWER Market power is the ability of a form to profitably raise the market price of a good or service over marginal cost. In perfectly competitive markets, market participants have no market power. A firm with total market power can raise prices without losing any customers to competitors. Market participants that have market power are therefore sometimes referred to as â€Å"price makers†, while those without are sometimes called â€Å"price takers†. Significant market power is when prices exceed marginal cost and long run average cost, so the firm makes economic profits. HOW IT WORKS / EXAMPLE: The macroeconomics concept of perfect competition assumes that no one producer can set a price for the whole market. Among companies that produce similar goods and services, all have varying levels of market power, but none are sufficient to effect a sustainable price change. In other words, all producers must compete based on a collective market price. A monopoly is the best example of a company with substantial market power. With little or no competition, a monopoly can, for example, raise market prices by reducing its level of output. ï  ®Market power is the ability of a firm to set P > MC. ï  ®Firms with market power produce socially inefficient output levels. ïÆ'ËœToo little output ïÆ'ËœPrice exceeds MC ïÆ'ËœDeadweight loss ïÆ'ËœDollar value of society’s welfare loss ANTITRUST POLICY An antitrust policy is designed to affect competition. The general goal behind such a policy is to keep markets open and competitive. These regulations are used by different governments around the world although the laws often vary. Broadly speaking, antitrust law seek to wrong competitor businesses from anti competitive practices. The goals of antitrust policy is to (1) To eliminate deadweight loss of monopoly and promote social welfare and (2) Make it illegal for managers to pursue strategies that foster monopoly power. PRICE REGULATIONS Government oversight or direct government control over the price charged in a market, especially by a firm with market control. Price regulation is most commonly used for public utilities characterized as natural monopolies. If allowed to maximize profit restrained, the price charged would exceed marginal cost and production would be inefficient. However, because such firms, as public utilities, produce output that is deemed essential or critical for the public, government steps in to regulate or control the price. The two most common methods of price regulation are marginal-cost pricing and average-cost pricing. Graphical presentation of Marginal-Cost Pricing: EXTERNALITIES An externalities is a cost or benefit which results from an activity or transaction and which results from an activity or transaction and which affects an otherwise uninvolved party who did not choose to incur that cost or benefit. For example, manufacturing activities which cause air pollution impose health and clean-up costs on the whole society, while the neighbors  of an individual who chooses to fire-proof his home may benefit from a reduced risk of a fire spreading to their own house. If external cost exist, such pollution, the producer may choose to produce more of the product than would be produced if he were required to pay all associated environmental costs. If there are external benefits, such as in public safety, less of the good may be produced than would be the case if the producer were to receive payment for the external benefits to others. For the purpose of these statements, overall cost and benefit to society is defined as the sum of the imputed monetary value of benefits and costs to all parties involved. Thus, it is said that, for good with externalities, unregulated market prices do not reflect the full social costs or benefit of the transaction. Government regulations may induce the socially efficient level of output by forcing firms to internalize pollution costs. Example of this is the Clean Air Act of 1970. EXAMPLES OF EXTERNALITIES A negative externality is an action of a product on consumers that imposes a negative effect on a third party; it is â€Å"social cost†. ïÆ'ËœAir pollution – from burning fossil fuels causes damages to crops, (historic) buildings and public health. ïÆ'ËœAnthropogenic climate change – is attributed to greenhouse gas emissions from burning oil, gas and coal. ïÆ'ËœWater pollution – by industries that adds effluent which harms, animals and human. ïÆ'ËœNoise pollution – which may be is mentally and psychologically disruptive. ïÆ'ËœSystem risk – describe the risks to the overall economy arising from the risks which the banking system takes. Socially Efficient Equilibrium: Internal and External Costs PUBLIC GOODS In economics, a public good is a good that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous in that individuals cannot be effectively excluded from use and where use by one individual does not reduce availability to others.[1] Examples of public goods include fresh air, knowledge, lighthouses, national defense, flood control systems and street lighting. Public goods that are available everywhere are sometimes referred to as global public goods. Many public goods may at times be subject to excessive use resulting in  negative externalities affecting all users; for example air pollution and traffic congestion. Public goods problems are often closely related to the â€Å"free-rider† problem, in which people not paying for the good may continue to access it, or the tragedy of the commons, where consumption of a shared resource by individuals acting in their individual and immediate self-interest diminishes or even destroys the original resource. Thus, the good may be under-produced, overused or degraded.[2] Public goods may also become subject to restrictions on access and may then be considered to be club goods or private goods; exclusion mechanisms include copyright, patents, congestion pricing, and pay television. Uncoordinated markets driven by self-interested parties may be unable to provide these goods. There is a good deal of debate and literature on how to measure the significance of public goods problems in an economy, and to identify the best remedies. Graphical presentation of Public Goods: ïÆ'ËœNonrival: A good which when consumed by one person does not preclude other people from also consuming the good. †¢Example: Radio signals, national defense ïÆ'ËœNonexclusionary: No one is excluded from consuming the good once it is provided. †¢Example: Clean air ïÆ'˜â€Å"Free Rider† Problem – Individuals have little incentive to buy a public good because of their nonrival & nonexclusionary nature. Public goods provide a very important example of market failure, in which market-like behavior of individual gain-seeking does not produce efficient results. The production of public goods results in positive externalities which are not remunerated. If private organizations don’t reap all the benefits of a public good which they have produced, their incentives to produce it voluntarily might be insufficient. Consumers can take advantage of public goods without contributing sufficiently to their creation. This is called the free rider problem, or occasionally, the â€Å"easy rider problem† (because consumers’ contributions will be small but non-zero). If too many consumers decide to ‘free-ride’, private costs exceed private benefits and the  incentive to provide the good or service through the market disappears. The market thus fails to provide a good or service for which there is a need. The free rider problem depends on a conception of the human being as homo economicus: purely rational and also purely selfish—extremely individualistic, considering only those benefits and costs that directly affect him or her. Public goods give such a person an incentive to be a free rider. For example, consider national defense, a standard example of a pure public good. Suppose homo economicus thinks about exerting some extra effort to defend the nation. The benefits to the individual of this effort would be very low, since the benefits would be distributed among all of the millions of other people in the country. There is also a very high possibility that he or she could get injured or killed during the course of his or her military service. INCOMPLETE INFORMATION For markets to function efficiently, participants must have reasonably good information about things such as prices, quality, available technologies, and the risks associated with working in certain jobs or consuming certain products. When participants in the market have incomplete information about such things, the result will be inefficiencies in input usage and in firms’ output. †¢Participants in a market that have incomplete information about prices, quality, technology, or risks may be inefficient. †¢The Government serves as a provider of information to combat the inefficiencies caused by incomplete and/or asymmetric information. Government Policies Designed to Mitigate Incomplete Information †¢OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) – the regulations are carried out by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). One of the more severe causes of market failure is asymmetric information, a situation where some market participants have better information than others †¢SEC (Security and Exchange Commission) †¢Certification – Another policy government uses to disseminate information and reduce asymmetric information is the certification of skills and/or authenticity. The purpose of certification is to centralize the cost of gathering information. †¢Truth in lending – Regulation Z and TLSA require that all creditors comply with the act. A creditor is defined as anyone who loans money subject to a finance charge, where the money is to be paid back in four or more installments. A creditor must also be the person to whom the original obligation is payable. TLSA has some exemptions regarding the types of loans covered, the most notable being business, agricultural, and commercial loans. †¢Truth in advertising – This advantage may give firms an incentive to make false claims about the merits of their products to capitalize on consumers’ lack of information. †¢Contract enforcement – Another way government solves the problems of asymmetric information is through contract enforcement. For example, suppose your boss â€Å"promised† you payment for labor services at the end of the month. After you have worked for a month, your boss refuses to pay you—in effect gaining a month’s worth of your labor for free. III.RENT SEEKING Rent seeking is an attempt to obtain economic rent by manipulating the social or political environment in which economic activities occur, rather than by creating new wealth. A simple definition of rent seeking is spending resources in order to gain by increasing one’s share of existing wealth, instead of trying to create wealth. †¢Government policies will generally benefit some parties at the expense of others. †¢Lobbyists spend large sums of money in an attempt to affect these policies. †¢This process is known as rent-seeking. An Example: Seeking Monopoly Rights †¢Firm’s monetary incentive to lobby for monopoly rights: A †¢Consumers’ monetary incentive to lobby against monopoly: A+B. †¢Firm’s incentive is smaller than consumers’ incentives. †¢But, consumers’ incentives are spread among many different individuals. †¢As a result, firms often succeed in their lobbying efforts. IV.GOVERNMENT POLICY Sometimes rent seeking manifests itself in the form of government involvement in international markets. Such policies usually take the form of tariffs or quotas that are designed to benefit specific firms and workers at the expense of others. In this section, we will examine how government tariff and quota policies affect managerial decisions. QUOTA ïÆ'ËœLimit on the number of units of a product that a foreign competitor can bring into the country. ïÆ'ËœReduces competition, thus resulting in higher prices, lower consumer surplus, and higher profits for domestic firms. TARIFF ïÆ'ËœLump sum tariff: a fixed fee paid by foreign firms to enter the domestic market. ïÆ'ËœExcise tariff: a per unit fee on each imported product. †¢Causes a shift in the MC curve by the amount of the tariff which in turn decreases the supply of all foreign firms. V.CONCLUSION ïÆ'ËœMarket power, externalities, public goods, and incomplete information create a potential role for government in the marketplace. ïÆ'ËœGovernment’s presence creates rent-seeking incentives, which may undermine its ability to improve matters.

For the Veterans essays

For the Veterans essays Some people do not know who a veteran is, they ask questions like who are they? What do they do? Are they good people? I hear these questions almost every Veterans Day at my school. Veterans are people that have fought in a war for their country. Some sadly, arent even alive anymore. Most of the veterans have fought in the, Vietnam War, the Korean War, World War I, World War II, and many other well known wars. In all of the wars, veterans have stuck together, stayed as a group, and helped each other overcome hard times. They stood together as a team against those who fought our country. We are a united country, and veterans have made it possible by protecting us. Veterans Day is a day to honor all those people who have died protecting and fighting for our country. We honor them by saluting, playing patriotic music and just thanking, honoring and praising them for making this great country possible. Veterans have given their time, courage, bravery, lives, and strength for this country. If it wasnt for the veterans, we probably wouldnt be here today; we could be a monarchy instead of a democracy. Thats how big of an impact veterans have on this great country. That is why a lot of veterans that are still living today are highly respected. We should respect the veterans, because they gave their lives for us, this country, and the world. Veterans Day is a day when everyone should salute to the Veterans that have died and have a few moments of silence. Veterans were and are good people that love their country. They showed their love by fighting for their country. Veterans set America free by fighting for what they believed was right. ...

The Disadvantages Of Vulnerable People In Society Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Disadvantages Of Vulnerable People In Society Social Work Essay Essay Example The Disadvantages Of Vulnerable People In Society Social Work Essay Essay The Disadvantages Of Vulnerable People In Society Social Work Essay Essay All Professional businesss are guided by ethical codifications and underpinned by Values ( Bishman, 2004 ) and from the really beginning of Social Work, the profession has been seen as steadfastly rooted in values ( Reamer, 2001 ) ( Cited by Bishman, 2004 ) Every individual has a set of beliefs which influence actions, values relate to what we think others should make and what we ought to make, they are personal to us. ( Parrot, 2010:13 ) Although society may been seen as holding shared values we are all brought up with different personal values bases, this is an of import point to see when working with others, because our values can act upon the manner we behave. It would hence be seen as foolish to undervalue the significance of values within the Social Work Profession. ( Thompson, 2005: 109 ) Our Personal Valuess can alter over clip, and our behavior can change as a consequence of the state of affairs we are in. From a immature age one of the most of import values instilled in me by my parents was to hold regard for others, this should be carried throughout life as we should handle others the manner in which we would anticipate to be treated. The importance of holding a value base for Social Work is to steer Social Workers and protect the involvement of Services Users. ( Parrot, 2010:17 ) As a rehearsing Social Worker it is of import to recognize personal values and to be able to understand, state of affairss will show themselves were personal and professional values can conflict. It was merely when we had the talkers in that I began to oppugn my ain values. NISCC outlines a codification of Practice for Social Workers to adhere to, from listening to the talkers in category one issue that was highlighted was that of partnership. Partnership is now a really apparent portion of mundane linguistic communication of people involved in the procedure of supplying attention. ( Tait and Genders 2002 ) However it is non ever set into pattern. Mr Y referred to being kept in the dark about his unwellness, he was finally given a diagnosing, but it was neer explained to him what the significance of this diagnosing was or how it would impact his life. Social Workers have to exert professional discretion, due to the nature of their work ; opinions have to be made which involve values and effects that make the worker accountable for their actions. ( Thompson 2009 ) Partnership working is really of import for people with a disablement, I was able to recognize a struggle with my personal values when one of the Mr X spoke about a visit to the GP, where the GP was inquiring the carer how the Service User was experiencing instead that inquiring them, from listening to this I was able to recognize that this is something that I have done in the yesteryear and possible infantilises the person with remarks such as mentioning to them as we dote or wee pet and I neer thought that there was anything incorrect with utilizing these statements, nevertheless from the experience gained I can recognize that my personal values and the professional values are in struggle at this point. It is a manner of suppressing this person, and failure to advance their rights as an individual. When sing this in concurrence with the NISCC Code Of Practice, it was clear that there was a conflicting of values. NISCC states that as a Social Care worker we must protect the rights and promote the involvements of service users and carers as the Disabled Movement states Nothing about us, without us. We need to see the Service User position, one of the talkers stated effective partnership working should include the professionals and the Service user. Partnership is a cardinal value in the professional value base underpinning Community Care. Braye and Preston-Shoot 200343 ) Partnership should be promoted in several ways such as maintaining an unfastened duologue between professionals and Service Users, puting purposes, being honest about the differences of sentiment and how the power differences can impact them and supplying the Service User with information that helps to advance their apprehension. ( Braye and Preston-Shoot 2003 ) In the instance if the talker who was non given a diagnosing for a long clip and was merely put out of the adviser s office this cardinal countries did non use. Another issue that was striking was that of independency, ab initio my personal position was non of person with a disablement being independent, my personal experience in the yesteryear had led me to believe that people with a disablement required a batch of aid and were dependant on a carer to supply that aid, I did nt see them as being in employment. Some of these values were rather hibernating until I began working in the Social Care Field. The Speakers that we had in from Willow bank explained that they all have occupations and purpose to be every bit independent as possible. This highlighted the struggle between my personal and professional values which I need to be cognizant of. The NISCC codification of pattern provinces a Social Worker should advance the independency of Service Users, this is one struggle that I can admit with my personal values, I need to look at the bigger image an position the service users as single people with alone traits and involvements it is of impor t that they are non labelled due to their disablement, It is viewed that it is society which disables physically impaired people, disablement is something imposed on top of damages by the manner we are unnecessarily isolated and excluded from full engagement in society. ( Oliver 1996 ) My Personal position was that I believe that we should take to make things for people with disablements, I have frequently found myself transporting out undertakings for them that I know they are able to execute themselves, when the talker from 6th sense spoke about how she had been spoon fed and pushed around the resort area as a kid had gave her a sense of erudite weakness, it made me admit my ain actions. Again this is another country where my personal values conflict with the professional values. Respect for individuals in an highly of import values, although I believe I was brought up to demo regard for others by making dependence in a manner is disrespectful to the person. The publicity of independency is of import, it is important to see those with a disablement as single people. The NISCC codification of pattern high spots As a societal attention worker, you must esteem the rights of service users while seeking to guarantee that their behavior does non harm themselves or other people. Keeping in line with the NISCC Code of Practice I need to actively dispute my ain biass in order to guarantee that I am advancing anti-oppressive pattern. Bing able to understand the value conflicts in pattern can turn out to be really good. It can assist us admit the differences in the power construction, which can suppress the service user. Social Workers aim to authorise the Service User, to assist them assist themselves. It is of import that Professional values are ever at the head to advance anti-oppressive pattern. Social Work Practice is underpinned by Torahs, policies and processs. It is of import to ever be cognizant of the Service Users perspectives, this will assist guarantee more effectual and efficient pattern. Both our personal and professional values need to be acknowledged for effectual and efficient pattern. It is of small usage if Social Workers have a professional value base which does nt inform or act upon their pattern, Social Work moralss can be understood as Values put into actions. ( Banks, 2006 )