The Scientific Method Of Psychology - 1394 Words

Unit 1 – Intro and Research Methods 1. Empiricism states that knowledge can only be derived from the senses. Every science utilizes the empirical approach, which has developed into the utilization of the scientific method to gain knowledge. (McLeod, 2008) Since psychology depends on the scientific method to attain knowledge, psychology can conclusively be considered a science. Besides empirical evidence, some other key traits of a science are the following: objectivity, control, predictability, hypothesis testing, and replication. (McLeod, 2008) Psychology ensures objectivity via single-, double-, and triple-blind experiments. Causation can only be confirmed in psychology through an experiment where all variables (besides the independent†¦show more content†¦Humanism was developed in response to the pessimism of psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Humanists believe that all humans have free will and the ability to reach self-actualization (Cherry, n.d.). Out of all three of the early psychological schools, humanis m is the most optimistic. 3. The three psychological perspectives that we will be focusing on for the IB Exam are biological, cognitive, and sociocultural. These three different perspectives would analyze a behavior, such as being afraid of heights, in three different ways. A psychologist who subscribes to the biological perspective might say that a person is afraid of heights due to abnormalities in the anterior insular cortex. A psychologist who subscribes to the cognitive perspective may say that a person is afraid of heights because he or she associates heights with danger in his or her thoughts. A psychologist who subscribes to the sociocultural perspective may say that a person is afraid of heights because their friends and family are afraid of heights, so they learn to be afraid of heights as well. 4. Four types of research studies that psychologists may conduct are case studies, observational studies, tests, and surveys. A case study is when one individual is carefully observed and test. The information derived from the observations and tests are used to formulate a detailed description of the individual. The major advantage

Cosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For...

People have created the modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty over the time and changing the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in Medical News Today shows that â€Å"approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic procedures were performed in 2008 in the UK - 50% more than 2003.† Additionally, the official statistics of cosmetic surgery in the U.S. was far more popular. In 2007, there were a total of 1,435,444 of surgical cosmetic procedures. A number of non-surgical cosmetic procedures were 7,113,914, which were higher than the number of surgical cosmetic procedures. In 2014, about 15,622,866 non-surgical cosmetic procedures were opera ted which increased doubled in seven years. The figures point that more and more people come to elective plastic surgery to achieve the level of perfect beauty. So why have these figures that growth? Despite knowing the risks latent in surgical elective plastic procedures, people are having more and more elective plastic surgeries because the obsession with beautiful body image, social criticism because being ugly, and addicted to elective plastic surgery. Many people have misunderstood about cosmeticShow MoreRelatedCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1552 Words   |  7 Pages People have created the modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in MedicalRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1579 Words   |  7 Pages People have created modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only does natural beauty bring criterion for beauty’s definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve their appearance. In a report from MedicalRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Plastic Surgery Essay599 Words   |  3 Pagestalent takes a backseat to beauty under most circumstances. With the economy rising, cosmetic surgery is becoming more widely available, before it was the rich and the famous who had the ability to surgically enhance their features. However as it becomes much more culturally acceptable, and readily available, there have been many more problems concerning it. Is it justifiable to change your appearance? Is it becoming addictive? Is it changing our perspective of beauty? All these questions and moreRead MorePlastic Surgery Is All Over The Media1453 Words   |  6 PagesThese days, plastic surgery is all over the media. Top stars and celebrities have touted it as the means of achieving physical perfection. Due to this influence, it has become accepted and indeed prevalent in the society today. Its rapid commonplace has been facilitated by the coming of non-invasive procedures such as Botox. In 2007 alone, the American Society of Aesthetic Surgery reported that approximately 13.3 billion dollars were spent on plastic surgery, which was a 17% inc rease over the previousRead MoreCosmetic Surgery: A Risky and Costly Procedure1355 Words   |  6 PagesIf one is considering cosmetic surgery I suggest reconsidering. Research shows cosmetic surgery can be a risky and costly procedure. Society is pressuring people to look more attractive. Media shows actors to be flawless and the public feels that one should be compared to these actors. Cosmetic surgery is becoming more popular is today’s culture. People are turning to cosmetic surgery for many reasons, some of them are not healthy. Why do people go to such dangerous measures to look more attractiveRead MoreDangers of Plastic Surgery1512 Words   |  7 PagesUgly trend Society has always valued beauty. In literature,  ­attractiveness often symbolizes an admirable protagonist, while ugliness indicates the abominable antagonist. As children we are taught, without even realizing it, to prize beauty. People of every race and culture have gone to extremes in the name of beauty – from foot-binding in China, to dangerously constricting corsets in Victorian times, to nose jobs in 800 B.C. India. While plastic surgery has been around since ancient times, itRead MoreThe Little Mermaid For Example1632 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves more attractive. Adorning jewelry, clothing hairstyles, and beauty products in the effort to heighten our beauty has been practiced and even celebrated by women for centuries. However, with more technologies and advancements the world has entered into a new enhancement: Cosmetic Surgery. The question that I pose is: Why? Why is it that this â€Å"body-changing culture† has enveloped the female world? Beliefs of beauty are so deeply engrained into our culture and society, and from a youngRead MorePlastic Surgery Ethics Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesPlastic surgery is a rapidly evolving field spread around the world. Plastic surgery deals with human appearance and is becoming a more profitable business throughout the years. It is divided into two sections, reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. An ethical dilemma that corresponds to plastic surgery is the loss of human values patients encounter once they undergo surgery. Also, individuals that depend on cosmetic surgery detract from patients that are in urgent need of these procedures. The replacementRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : An Increase Worldwide Trend3793 Words   |  16 PagesCosmetic surgery is an increasing worldwide trend amongst a significant number of adults in the 21st century. As technology advances more rapidly than ever, the opportunity for people to undergo surgery enabling them to look younger and healthier become s more readily accessible to the masses. From the more common Botox treatments to breast augmentation surgeries and rhinoplasties, every year up to 15 million people around the world have opted to undergo certain cosmetic procedures in order to enhanceRead MoreTeenagers and Cosmetic Surgery2278 Words   |  10 PagesSince the year 2007, 1,339,229 cosmetic surgeries have been performed on the age group of 13-19. In a world where people are judged by their physical appearance, it is common for teenagers to be uncomfortable with their bodies. As a way of conforming to society’s image of physical perfection, more and more teenagers are turning to cosmetic surgery as a solution. The purpose for this paper is to make the problems of teenagers having cosmetic surgery, in order to physically change themselves to Cosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For... People have created modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only does natural beauty bring criterion for beauty’s definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve their appearance. In a report from Medical News Today, Christian Nordqvist showed that approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic procedures were performed in 2008 in the UK - 50% more than 2003. Additionally, the official statistics of cosmetic surgery in the U.S. was far more popular. In 2007, there were a total of 1,435,444 surgical cosmetic procedures. The number of non-surgical cosmetic procedures was 7,113,914, which were higher than the number of surgical cosmetic procedures. In 2014, about 15,622,866 non-surgical cosmet ic procedures were performed, which doubled in seven years. The figures pointed out that more and more people try elective plastic surgery to achieve the level of perfect beauty. So why have these figures growth? Despite knowing the hidden risks in surgical elective plastic procedures, people are getting more and more elective plastic surgeries because of their obsession with having a beautiful body image, social criticism because of being ugly, and they are addicted to elective plastic surgery. ManyShow MoreRelatedCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty987 Words   |  4 Pagesthe beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty over the time and changing the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in Medical News Today shows that â€Å"approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic proceduresRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1552 Words   |  7 Pages People have created the modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in MedicalRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Plastic Surgery Essay599 Words   |  3 Pagestalent takes a backseat to beauty under most circumstances. With the economy rising, cosmetic surgery is becoming more widely available, before it was the rich and the famous who had the ability to surgically enhance their features. However as it becomes much more culturally acceptable, and readily available, there have been many more problems concerning it. Is it justifiable to change your appearance? Is it becoming addictive? Is it changing our perspective of beauty? All these questions and moreRead MorePlastic Surgery Is All Over The Media1453 Words   |  6 PagesThese days, plastic surgery is all over the media. Top stars and celebrities have touted it as the means of achieving physical perfection. Due to this influence, it has become accepted and indeed prevalent in the society today. Its rapid commonplace has been facilitated by the coming of non-invasive procedures such as Botox. In 2007 alone, the American Society of Aesthetic Surgery reported that approximately 13.3 billion dollars were spent on plastic surgery, which was a 17% inc rease over the previousRead MoreCosmetic Surgery: A Risky and Costly Procedure1355 Words   |  6 PagesIf one is considering cosmetic surgery I suggest reconsidering. Research shows cosmetic surgery can be a risky and costly procedure. Society is pressuring people to look more attractive. Media shows actors to be flawless and the public feels that one should be compared to these actors. Cosmetic surgery is becoming more popular is today’s culture. People are turning to cosmetic surgery for many reasons, some of them are not healthy. Why do people go to such dangerous measures to look more attractiveRead MoreDangers of Plastic Surgery1512 Words   |  7 PagesUgly trend Society has always valued beauty. In literature,  ­attractiveness often symbolizes an admirable protagonist, while ugliness indicates the abominable antagonist. As children we are taught, without even realizing it, to prize beauty. People of every race and culture have gone to extremes in the name of beauty – from foot-binding in China, to dangerously constricting corsets in Victorian times, to nose jobs in 800 B.C. India. While plastic surgery has been around since ancient times, itRead MoreThe Little Mermaid For Example1632 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves more attractive. Adorning jewelry, clothing hairstyles, and beauty products in the effort to heighten our beauty has been practiced and even celebrated by women for centuries. However, with more technologies and advancements the world has entered into a new enhancement: Cosmetic Surgery. The question that I pose is: Why? Why is it that this â€Å"body-changing culture† has enveloped the female world? Beliefs of beauty are so deeply engrained into our culture and society, and from a youngRead MorePlastic Surgery Ethics Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesPlastic surgery is a rapidly evolving field spread around the world. Plastic surgery deals with human appearance and is becoming a more profitable business throughout the years. It is divided into two sections, reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. An ethical dilemma that corresponds to plastic surgery is the loss of human values patients encounter once they undergo surgery. Also, individuals that depend on cosmetic surgery detract from patients that are in urgent need of these procedures. The replacementRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : An Increase Worldwide Trend3793 Words   |  16 PagesCosmetic surgery is an increasing worldwide trend amongst a significant number of adults in the 21st century. As technology advances more rapidly than ever, the opportunity for people to undergo surgery enabling them to look younger and healthier become s more readily accessible to the masses. From the more common Botox treatments to breast augmentation surgeries and rhinoplasties, every year up to 15 million people around the world have opted to undergo certain cosmetic procedures in order to enhanceRead MoreTeenagers and Cosmetic Surgery2278 Words   |  10 PagesSince the year 2007, 1,339,229 cosmetic surgeries have been performed on the age group of 13-19. In a world where people are judged by their physical appearance, it is common for teenagers to be uncomfortable with their bodies. As a way of conforming to society’s image of physical perfection, more and more teenagers are turning to cosmetic surgery as a solution. The purpose for this paper is to make the problems of teenagers having cosmetic surgery, in order to physically change themselves to Cosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For... People have created the modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in Medical News Today showed that â€Å"approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic procedures were performed in 2008 in the UK - 50% more than 2003.† Additionally, the official statistics of cosmetic surgery in the U.S. was far more popular. In 2007, there were a total of 1,435,444 of surgical cosmetic procedures. A number of non-surgical cosmetic procedures were 7,113,914, which were higher than the number of surgical cosmetic procedures. In 2014, about 15,622,866 non-surgical cosmetic procedures we re performed, which increased doubled in seven years. The figures pointed that more and more people come to elective plastic surgery to achieve the level of perfect beauty. So why have these figures that growth? Despite knowing the hidden risks in surgical elective plastic procedures, people are getting more and more elective plastic surgeries because the obsession with beautiful body image, social criticism because being ugly, and addicted to elective plastic surgery. Many people have misunderstood aboutShow MoreRelatedCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty987 Words   |  4 Pagesthe beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty over the time and changing the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in Medical News Today shows that â€Å"approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic proceduresRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1579 Words   |  7 Pages People have created modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only does natural beauty bring criterion for beauty’s definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve their appearance. In a report from MedicalRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Plastic Surgery Essay599 Words   |  3 Pagestalent takes a backseat to beauty under most circumstances. With the economy rising, cosmetic surgery is becoming more widely available, before it was the rich and the famous who had the ability to surgically enhance their features. However as it becomes much more culturally acceptable, and readily available, there have been many more problems concerning it. Is it justifiable to change your appearance? Is it becoming addictive? Is it changing our perspective of beauty? All these questions and moreRead MorePlastic Surgery Is All Over The Media1453 Words   |  6 PagesThese days, plastic surgery is all over the media. Top stars and celebrities have touted it as the means of achieving physical perfection. Due to this influence, it has become accepted and indeed prevalent in the society today. Its rapid commonplace has been facilitated by the coming of non-invasive procedures such as Botox. In 2007 alone, the American Society of Aesthetic Surgery reported that approximately 13.3 billion dollars were spent on plastic surgery, which was a 17% inc rease over the previousRead MoreCosmetic Surgery: A Risky and Costly Procedure1355 Words   |  6 PagesIf one is considering cosmetic surgery I suggest reconsidering. Research shows cosmetic surgery can be a risky and costly procedure. Society is pressuring people to look more attractive. Media shows actors to be flawless and the public feels that one should be compared to these actors. Cosmetic surgery is becoming more popular is today’s culture. People are turning to cosmetic surgery for many reasons, some of them are not healthy. Why do people go to such dangerous measures to look more attractiveRead MoreDangers of Plastic Surgery1512 Words   |  7 PagesUgly trend Society has always valued beauty. In literature,  ­attractiveness often symbolizes an admirable protagonist, while ugliness indicates the abominable antagonist. As children we are taught, without even realizing it, to prize beauty. People of every race and culture have gone to extremes in the name of beauty – from foot-binding in China, to dangerously constricting corsets in Victorian times, to nose jobs in 800 B.C. India. While plastic surgery has been around since ancient times, itRead MoreThe Little Mermaid For Example1632 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves more attractive. Adorning jewelry, clothing hairstyles, and beauty products in the effort to heighten our beauty has been practiced and even celebrated by women for centuries. However, with more technologies and advancements the world has entered into a new enhancement: Cosmetic Surgery. The question that I pose is: Why? Why is it that this â€Å"body-changing culture† has enveloped the female world? Beliefs of beauty are so deeply engrained into our culture and society, and from a youngRead MorePlastic Surgery Ethics Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesPlastic surgery is a rapidly evolving field spread around the world. Plastic surgery deals with human appearance and is becoming a more profitable business throughout the years. It is divided into two sections, reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. An ethical dilemma that corresponds to plastic surgery is the loss of human values patients encounter once they undergo surgery. Also, individuals that depend on cosmetic surgery detract from patients that are in urgent need of these procedures. The replacementRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : An Increase Worldwide Trend3793 Words   |  16 PagesCosmetic surgery is an increasing worldwide trend amongst a significant number of adults in the 21st century. As technology advances more rapidly than ever, the opportunity for people to undergo surgery enabling them to look younger and healthier become s more readily accessible to the masses. From the more common Botox treatments to breast augmentation surgeries and rhinoplasties, every year up to 15 million people around the world have opted to undergo certain cosmetic procedures in order to enhanceRead MoreTeenagers and Cosmetic Surgery2278 Words   |  10 PagesSince the year 2007, 1,339,229 cosmetic surgeries have been performed on the age group of 13-19. In a world where people are judged by their physical appearance, it is common for teenagers to be uncomfortable with their bodies. As a way of conforming to society’s image of physical perfection, more and more teenagers are turning to cosmetic surgery as a solution. The purpose for this paper is to make the problems of teenagers having cosmetic surgery, in order to physically change themselves to

Corporate Governance Of Companies In China â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Corporate Governance Of Companies In China? Answer: Introduction: Investors plays a crucial role in every company as they provides the fund to the company to invest into various proposals and projects and enhance the revenue of the company, in consideration, company offers some proportion of the profit to the investors in terms of dividends. This dividend % is depending upon the profit and performance of the company. Investors must look over various factors of the company and the economics condition before investing the amount of the company as it would help them to get more dividend amount. Investors could analyze the financial ratio, governance policy of the company and the assets value, share price current value etc. for this report, Barr, A.G. has been taken into the context. Company overview: A.G. Barr plc is also known as Barrs. This company is a drink manufacturing company. Headquarter of the company is Cumbernauld, Scotland. Popular Scottish drink is manufactured by this company. This company has listed itself in LSX (London stock exchange). This company has been founded in 1875. According to the annual report of the company, revenue of the company is 257.1 million. And currently, the number of employees is 1032. Further, it has been found that the performance of the company is enhancing gradually (A. G. Barr, 2017) Financial ratio analysis: For analyzing the performance of the company, financial ratio analysis of the company of last 5 years have been analyzed (Borio, 2014). For analyzing the financial ratio, annual report of the company has been analyzed. Profitability ratio: 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 Gross Profit Margin 47.08% 46.72% 45.98% 45.28% 45.38% Operating profit Margin 16.73% 16.22% 14.56% 13.78% 13.45% Return on capital employed (ROCE) 16.44% 14.98% 15.08% 15.38% 16.15% (morning star, 2017) According to the above table, the ratio of gross profit margin of the company is 47.08%, 46.72%, 45.98%, 45.28% and 45.38% in 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively. Through these rates, it has been found that the gross profit rate of the company is stable from last 5 years. The gross profit of the company is GBP 121 million in 2017 which is enhancing rapidly and depicts about the good performance of the company. The gross profit rate of the company depict about the gross profit of the company in terms of total revenue (Brealey, Myers and Marcus, 2007). From last 5 years, the revenue of the company is quite constant and consequently, the cost of revenue is also constant and thus the gross profit margin rate is almost similar in last 5 years. this depict that in near future, the gross profit rate of the company would be similar and would offer high return to the investors as there are less chances of the company to face any financial risk. Further, operating profit margin and the ROCE of the company has also been analyzed to identify the financial performance and profitability of the company. The operating profit margin of the company is 16.73%, 16.22%, 14.56%, 13.78% and 13.75% in 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively (De and Amtenbrink, 2011). Through these rates, it has been found that the operating profit rate of the company is enhancing rapidly from last 5 years. The operating profit of the company is GBP 43 million in 2017 which is enhancing rapidly and depicts about the good performance of the company. The operating profit rate of the company depict about the operating profit of the company in terms of total revenue. From last 5 years, the revenue of the company is quite constant and consequently, the operating expenses of the company have been lowered and thus the operating profit margin rate of the company has been enhanced in last 5 years. this depict that in near future, the operating profit rate of t he company would be enhanced and would offer high return to the investors as there are less chances of the company to face any financial risk (Deegan, 2013). Lastly, the ROCE of the company has been analyzed which is 16.44%, 14.98%, 15.08%, 15.38% and 16.15% in 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively. Through these rates, it has been found that the ROCE of the company is enhancing rapidly from last 5 years. The ROCE of the company depict about the positive performance of the company and it is enhancing rapidly (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2013). The ROCE of the company depict about the net profit of the company in terms of total assets minus current liabilities of the company. From last 5 years, the revenue of the company is quite constant and consequently, the total assets and total current liabilities are also almost similar in last 5 years. this depict that in near future, the company would offer high return to the investors as there are less chances of the company to face any financial risk. Thus it has been analyzed that the profitability position and the performance of the company is quite positive and it is expressing about a good future position of company. Profit, earning dividends: 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 Earnings per share Basic ( Pence) 0.31 0.3 0.26 0.24 0.22 Dividend Cover 51.61 46.67 50.00 12.50 86.36 Dividend Yield 0.088 0.078 0.083 0.019 0.145 (Yahoo Finance, 2017) According to the above table, the ratio of EPS of the company is 0.31, 0.3, 0.26, 0.24 and 0.22 in 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively. Through these rates, it has been found that the earnings per share of the company is enhancing rapidly from last 5 years. The earnings per share of the company are enhancing rapidly and depicts about the good performance of the company. The earnings per share of the company depict about the total earnings of the company in terms of total profit. From last 5 years, the net profit of the company is quite constant and consequently, the total profit of the company in terms of total number of shares (Davies and Crawford, 2011). This depict that in near future, the earnings per share of the company would be enhanced rapidly and would offer high return to the investors as there are less chances of the company to face any financial risk. Further, Dividend cover and the dividend yield of the company have also been analyzed to identify the financial performance and profitability of the company. The Dividend cover of the company is 51.61, 46.67, 50, 12.5 and 86.36 in 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively. Through these rates, it has been found that the dividend cover of the company is enhancing rapidly from last 5 years. The dividend cover of the company is enhancing rapidly and depicts about the good performance of the company. The dividend cover of the company depict about the dividend of the company in terms of total earnings per share of the company (CORREIA et al., 2013). From last 5 years, the dividend cover of the company is quite constant and consequently, the dividend cover of the company has been lowered and thus the dividend cover of the company has been enhanced in last 5 years. Lastly, the dividend yield of the company has been analyzed which is 0.088, 0.078, 0.083, 0.019 and 0.145 in 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively. Through these rates, it has been found that the dividend yield of the company is enhancing rapidly from last 5 years. The dividend yield of the company depicts about the positive performance of the company and it is enhancing rapidly. this depict that in near future, the company would offer high return to the investors as there are less chances of the company to face any financial risk (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2013). Thus it has been analyzed that the profitability position and the performance of the company is quite positive and it is expressing about a good future position of company. Financial stability and liquidity: Lastly, financial stability of the company has been analyzed. 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 Current Assets 80 1522.6 1590.4 1785.3 1848.7 Current liabilities 57 1637.9 1347.1 1432 1504 Current ratio 1.40:1 0.93:1 1.18:1 1.25:1 1.23:1 Acid-test ratio 1.11:1 0.92:1 1.17:1 1.24:1 1.22:1 The above table depict that the current ratio and quick ratio of the company is quite competitive. The ratio of current assets and current liabilities has been set by the company in such a manner that entire current debt of the company could be repaid by the company easily. Further, it has been found that the current ratio of the company is 1.40:1, 0.93:1, 1.18:1, 1.25:1 and 1.23:1 in 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively (Du and Girma, 2009). Through these ratio, it has been found that the company has managed the current assets and current liabilities has in such a manner that entire current debt of the company could be repaid by the company easily. Critical Reflection: The annual report of the company and the market condition of the company has been analyzed of last 5 years. Through these calculations, it has been found that the performance of the company is enhancing rapidly and so the dividend offered by the company would also be enhanced and further, it has been found that the position of the company in terms of stability and managing the factors of the company are according to the industry position of the company (A. G. Barr, 2017). The MD and CEO of the company depict that the equity funds would be enhanced by the company and through it the diversification would be done in the companys market. From last few years performance of the company, it has been analyzed that it is a good opportunity for the investors to invest their amount in this company. The revenue and other performance of the company are either constant or enhancing. Corporate governance: According to the study over Barr AG governance structure, it has been found that four groups are there of committee which have different functions that provides the similar reason to support the board of the company. Audit Committee: this committee has at least three members that are all non executive self-governing directors. The major functions of this audit committee are: To observe the honesty of annual report and financial statement and various announcement done by the company in concern of financial position. To re-evaluate the corporations internal financial managing activities and the arrangement of risk management and internal control (FIRER et al., 2012). To observe and re-evaluate the efficiency of the corporation through internal audit purpose. To preserve a suitable relations along with external auditors so that the review over the company could be done with freedom, impartiality and efficiency of the audit procedure. Nomination committee: It would be selected by the companys board and at least three members must be there. The people of this nomination committee must be chosen from non-executive self governing directors of the firm. The chief function of this committee is to investigate over the activity of the company in terms of legal activities. This committee looks over the financial performance and position and statement of the company and makes a judgement accordingly (Fulin, 2011). Remuneration committee: This committee is composed as a group of directors of the board. It has the entrust power of the corporate governance board and might subordinate or allot all of its power or any of its power and influence without boundaries. The main role of this remuneration committee is to support the board to complete its accountability to investor to make sure that remuneration strategies and management of the corporation reward responsibly and fairly, with an obvious link to company and personal performance which have a regard over the regulatory and statutory requirements of the company. Health and safety committee: this committee uses the capital and other assets of the company to manage the health trends and safety of the manpower of the company. It is required for every company to make sure corporations health and safety presentation as it helps the company to remains on the leading position in the industry (Lacalle, 2017). Further, it has been analyzed that the performance of the company is increasing rapidly and the board committee of the company is performing their work with honesty and as well as with the responsibility and thus the investors could rely over the annual reports of the company and could also relay that there power would not be diluted. Assets value per share: 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 Total assets 276 269 255 227 215 (morning star, 2017) Further, assets value per share of the company has been analyzed. According to the above table, the total assets of the company is 276, 269, 255, 227 and 215 in 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively. Through these rates, it has been found that the total assets of the company is enhancing rapidly from last 5 years. The total assets of the company are enhancing rapidly and depicts about the good performance of the company. The total assets of the company depict about the few financial and asset ratios which are expressing a good health of the company in terms of total profit. From last 5 years, the total assets of the company are rapidly enhancing and consequently, the total profit of the company in terms of total assets of the company is also constant. This depict that in near future, the total assets and total net profit of the company would be enhanced rapidly and would offer high return to the investors as there are less chances of the company to face any financial risk. Current market and share price: (Yahoo Finance, 2017) The above graph of the AG Barr depict about the current market share of the company and the performance of the company in terms of share price of last 5 years. Through this graph report, it has been found that the current market share price is average from last 5 years and according to the trend, in future, the share price of the company would enhance. Currently the share price of the company is $ 616.5. Investment opportunity: Through the above analysis over the A. G. Barr, it has been found that the financial performance, financial position and the financial stability of the company are quite stable and depicting about the good performance of the company. Through the analysis, it has been found that the company has managed the financial figures in such a manner that entire performance, position and stability of the company in terms of finance could offer high return to the company and according to the dividend policy of the company, high dividend is offered by the company to its investors. Thus according to the analysis, it has been found that this company is a good option to invest the amount and enhance the worth of the amount with concern of high dividends. So it is suggested to the investors to invest into this company for a short term as well as long term as the share price of the company is also enhancing rapidly and the dividend offered by the company is also stunning. References: G. Barr. 2017. Home. Reterived from https://www.agbarr.co.uk/ as on 26- Sept 2017. Borio, C., 2014. The financial cycle and macroeconomics: What have we learnt?. Journal of Banking Finance, 45, pp.182-198. Brealey, R., Myers, S.C. and Marcus, A.J., 2007. FundamentalsofCorporate Finance. Mc Graw Hill, New York. Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013. Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013.Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. CORREIA, C. et al. 2013. Financial Management. 7th Edition. Cape Town: Juta andCompany Ltd.2. Davies, T. and Crawford, I., 2011. Business accounting and finance. Pearson. De Haan, J. and Amtenbrink, F., 2011. Credit rating agencies. Deegan, C., 2013. Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Du, J. and Girma, S., 2009. Source of finance, growth and firm size: evidence from China (No. 2009.03). Research paper/UNU-WIDER. Elmuti, D. Kathawala, Y. 2001. An overview of strategic alliances.Management Decision,vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 205-217. FIRER, C. et al. 2012. Fundamentals of Corporate Finance. 5th Edition.Berkshire.McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fulin, S. 2011. Preface by SHANG Fulin. Corporate Governance of Listed Companies in China, 9-10. Lacalle, D., Credit?rating agencies.Life in the Financial Markets: How they really work and why they matter to you, pp.95-98. Morningstar. 2017. A. G. Barr. Reterived from https://financials.morningstar.com/cash-flow/cf.html?t=BAGregion=gbrculture=en-US as on 26- Sept 2017. Yahoo finance. 2017. A. G. Barr. Reterived from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/BAG.L?p=BAG.L as on 26- Sept 2017.

The Literary Devices and the Magnitude of the Authors Love Essay Example For Students

The Literary Devices and the Magnitude of the Authors Love Essay In the Sonnet XLVI, author Pablo Neruda describes the love he has for his wife and his happiness due to his choice of picking her over any other woman. He uses literary devices such as imagery, repetition, metaphors to convey the magnitude of his love. In Sonnet XLVI the narrator starts by talking about the stars he admired and the various rivers with their misty features (1-2). He then goes on to talk about the multiple waves he encounters and his choice of only one in the second stanza (5-9). In the third stanza, Neruda mentions rain and the infinite amount of water drops associated with it. Light, which is a natural phenomena that seems to be infinite, is also talked about. Nature is a recurring theme in Sonnet XLVI and helps to convey the authors message that his love for his wife is plentiful because all the nature references mentioned in the sonnet are vast and expansive. In the fourth stanza, the focus seems to shift away from nature and toward the woman who is the center of t he narrators affection. This is evident to the reader through the narrators mentioning of the womans hair and heart (12-14). The literary devices are a major part of Nerudas way of expressing the magnitude of the love he has for his wife. In the first stanza, Neruda refers to other women as stars he admired before he chose his wife. The women were like stars because they were far away and he was not able to reach them. The other women or stars were distant. He refers to the stars as being drenched in various rivers and mists to signify that the women used perfume and had various scents but he chose the only one he loves, his wifes. In the last line of the stanza, Neruda uses the phrase I sleep with the night to signify that he is content and has everything he wants. At night is when all the stars are present so by saying that he goes to sleep with the night, he means that his wife is more precious than all the stars in the sky, or all the other women. In the second stanza, Neruda starts by using the repetition of the wave. The wave symbolizes the different women he encountered. The next line uses the repetition of the word green. Paired with the waves of women, the color green shows that the women he encountered were all the same. The repetition and imagery together show that Neruda was not interested in any other women. Green is also the color associated with algae that grow in the sea. Algae are not a very glamorous species of plant, so Neruda is connecting the plain looking color of algae to the waves of women. Neruda concludes the stanza by mentioning that he only chose the one wave that is his wife. He uses the metaphor the indivisible wave of your body to compare his wifes body to a wave that did not break. Indivisible waves are long and lean, so comparing his wifes body to one is a comment on how attractive he thinks she is. The third stanza describes Nerudas coming to his senses in choosing his wife out of all the other possible women. He is like a tree that matured in that all the water drops, roots, and light gathered to him sooner or later. The combination of factors made him grow into the person he is and realize whom his soul mate was. Neruda says that all the factors came sooner or later to show that he and his wife were meant to be because even though he had been searching for the right one, it was fate that brought them together eventually and his searching was futile. .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b , .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b .postImageUrl , .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b , .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b:hover , .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b:visited , .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b:active { border:0!important; } .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b:active , .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u568fc6f83752dc0d67b6792bc5f3c56b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: It is the love between Romeo and Juliet that makes the play so enduringly popular? EssayThe fourth stanza is the conclusion of Nerudas profession of love toward his wife. He states I wanted your hair, all for myself. The hair can be interpreted as beauty therefore, Neruda wanted the womans beauty all for himself. Also, all the graces my homeland offered refers to all the other possible women Neruda could have chosen as his wife, he chose the one he loves. He concludes, I chose only your savage heart. By using the word savage, Neruda implies that his wifes love is passionate, ardent, and untamed like a savage. Throughout the sonnet, Neruda uses the repetition of the phrase I chose only. This is present in the third line of stanzas one, two, and four. This is done to symbolize his embracing his one true love, his wife. The repetition also serves to convince the reader that Neruda made a conscious and enduring choice in picking his wife. Throughout the poem, Neruda sticks to his choice and his attitude does not change. He was content with his choice and the feelings he has for his wife. He is not disappointed or suffering from any remorse because he repeats that his choice was a positive one. The sonnet does not contain a rhyme scheme. The effect of the sonnet not having a rhyme scheme is that it allows the author to let his feelings flow without any restrictions and makes the message of love seem more honest and impromptu. Since the poem is about the love for his wife, it is more sincere that the structure seems as if it were unscripted and spontaneous. The first two stanzas are four lines each, while the last two stanzas are only three lines. The stanzas are separated by length to show turning point. The first two stanzas summarize his search to find his wife. The last two stanzas summarize his feelings after he chose his wife. Through Sonnet XLVI, Pablo Neruda uses literary devices to talk about his journey of finding his wife and his happiness with his decision. These literary devices include the imagery of the stars shows his admiration for his wife; the repetition of the phrase I choose only reinforces the idea that his wife is the only woman he loves; and the metaphors, such as the indivisible wave of your body (8) show that the narrator is truly in love with his wife.

Shouldice Hospital Limited Essay Example

Shouldice Hospital Limited Essay Shouldice is a private hospital founded by Dr. Earle Shouldice in Toronto in July 1945. The hospital started out as a six-room nursing home in downtown Toronto. As demand increased for hernia operations, he expanded the facilities to a capacity of 36-beds, which turned into a 89-bed facility after adding a large wing. Dr. Shouldice devised a method called the Shouldice method to increase the efficiency and the overall experience of the surgery and the post surgery recovery period. The hospital specializes on external hernia cases and will not treat internal hernia patients. The method proved to be a big success. In this case, we will analyze the process flow of the hospital, determine the bottlenecks and finally offer recommendations. Background: Dr. Earle Shouldice is a famous operator for his private method of hernia surgery. Unlike normal methods, his way allowed the patient to walk around right after the end of surgery, and move freely at the end of the day. When the number of patients he had increased, he decided to exploit this by founding his own hospital. He died in 1965, but his hospital continued to grow, and at the end of 1982, his hospital had 6850 operations per year. Analysis: Initially, the hospital sends out a medical questionnaire to figure out whether the patient has hernia. If the patient requires the operation, they were sent a confirmation card for the surgery. However, after initial examination at the hospital, some of the patients were found healthy, so they were also sent back. After the examination, an administrative personnel checks the insurance of the patient. We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital Limited specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital Limited specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital Limited specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Then, a nurse takes blood and urine samples from the patient, and sends the patient to his room. All this is done by 5PM, after which there is an information session regarding the operation. The patients are sent to bed at 9:30PM, and waken up at 5:30AM. The operation takes 1 hour (although the recurring ones take up to 90 minutes, but theyre rare so are not included). The patient then stays in the hospital for 3 more days, but since the resource (nurse, doctor etc) requirements would be low (and are not stated in the case). Shouldice was successful because of the following strategies: 1) Unique and well defined surgical procedure (cannot be varied), 2) Operation and recovery time lower than industry average, 3) Educated, experienced, and efficient surgeons (600 surgeries per year as opposed to 25-50), 4) Lower nurse to patient ratio (reduces costs), 5) Efficient, good quality, and uniform service (dependable), 6) High demand from reputation, 7) Higher pay than union standard for employees, 8) Being selective with patients ensures speed and better outcomes The bottleneck of pre-operation is Insurance check, as shown in Exhibit 2. The second bottleneck is the number of surgeons available to perform surgery and keep patients flowing through the system. Once people have a place in the system, the next wait is for a surgeon to become available. Bottlenecks are both a burden and a blessing in this scenario. We build up a queue because people want the service but we are forced to find a way to alleviate the pressure on the bottlenecks. Recommendations: Simply adding capacity may upset the current balance that exists and lower the quality of the process. If the company would simply expand to add beds or create more hospitals, quality would eventually be lowered because you would be hiring doctors you would have eliminated for the first hospital. One possible improvement to the process would be to minimize idle time of surgeons spend doing anything other than surgeries. Since they are a bottleneck, Shouldice should make surgeons not waste time doing a job that a nurse or someone with a less important role can do. This way throughput rate is lowered because surgeons can get more operations done at the end of the day without affecting the systems balance. Another solution to improve throughput without physically expanding would be to include working on Saturday and Sunday. Shouldice can rearrange its resources to keep the hospital running weeklong. This would alleviate the burden on the bottleneck so that buildup is minimized and more patients are put through the process. One of the major limits to expansion is the number of beds available for patients. Therefore, a possible area of capacity expansion is creating an additional facility where more beds can be put for patients. But  to accommodate the increased amount of demand a bigger kitchen and a dining room would be necessary. Moreover, an additional staff should be hired as long as the amount does not exceed the current staff per patient ratio in order to keep the operational costs from increasing too much. Another limiting factor is the number of doctors. Thus, the more doctors there are, the more patient acceptance will be. However there would be a limit on the amount of additional surgeons hired since each surgeon should at least perform three surgeries a day. Additionally, having a new facility outside of Canada dealing on a different specialty is a good option for capacity in which case a careful analysis should be done to make sure that the successfulness of the additional facility is not lower then the original one. Exhibit 1: The process flow chart is attached. Exhibit 2: Examination ? 17. 5 minutes per patient X 6 ? 20. 57 Patients per Hour Insurance ? 10 minutes per patient X 2 ? 12 Patients per Hour Blood/Urine ? 7. 5 minutes per patient X 2 ? 16 Patients per Hour.

Sample For An Essay: The Essay and Its Structure

Sample For An Essay: The Essay and Its StructureOne of the important things to remember when writing a sample for an essay is that the purpose of an essay is to present information to a reader. This does not mean that you have to include a lot of information, but the information you do include should be related to the topic of the essay and be important to the meaning of the essay. In order to accomplish this, the information you write in the essay must be concise and understandable to the reader.One thing to keep in mind when writing a sample for an essay is that your reader will want to be informed about the topics of the essay. If you do not include this information, the reader may feel as though he or she has been left behind, and this could cause the reader to skip over your essay. It is best to include only enough information to stimulate thought and encourage the reader to continue reading on the subject.When you are writing a sample for an essay, make sure that the ideas you are presenting to the reader are relevant to the theme of the essay. For example, if you are writing about a vacation, you may include only some details of what a vacation entails, such as locations to visit, activities to participate in, and so forth. However, do not include too much, or you will lose the interest of the reader.Another thing to remember when writing a sample for an essay is that the main body of the essay should not be comprised of too many ideas. As the essay progresses, the ideas in the main body become diluted and left out. You may even lose the readers' interest completely and have them start skipping the essay all together. Therefore, it is important to keep the number of ideas in the essay to three or less.In addition to this, when writing a sample for an essay, you should focus on the structure of the essay. If the essay is long, you should first break it down into paragraphs and then build each paragraph on the previous one. In this way, the essay will not appear as though it is too long or contain too many ideas.Additionally, it is also best to break down your essay into parts to help you focus on the specific topic that you are writing about. By breaking down the essay into paragraphs, you can then expand on the ideas that you are writing about. Therefore, by concentrating on one part of the essay, you can write about this specific idea and once you have finished this particular section, you can move on to the next part of the essay.Finally, when writing a sample for an essay, you should include a conclusion. This statement will tie the entire essay together and help the reader to finish reading the essay. Again, it is best to have the last paragraph of the essay is devoted to a statement and not many words.As stated above, the most important thing you can do when writing a sample for an essay is to keep the information relevant to the topic of the essay. Once this is done, you can easily engage the reader's attention and enjoy writ ing the essay. In the end, you will have written a quality sample for an essay that will entertain and educate your reader.

The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution deals with several aspects of U.S. citizenship and the rights of citizens. Ratified on July 9, 1868, during the post-Civil War era, the 14th, along with the 13th and 15th Amendments, are collectively known as the Reconstruction Amendments. Although the 14th Amendment was intended to protect the rights of the recently freed slaves, it has continued to play a major role in constitutional politics to this day.   In response to the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment, many Southern states enacted laws known as Black Codes designed to continue to deny African Americans certain rights and privileges enjoyed by white citizens. Under the states Black Codes, recently freed slaves were not allowed to travel widely, own certain types of property, or sue in court. In addition, African Americans could be jailed for not being able to repay their debts, leading to racially-discriminating labor practices like the leasing of convicts to private businesses. The 14th Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1866 Of the three Reconstruction amendments, the 14th is the most complicated and the one that has had the more unforeseen effects. Its broad goal was to reinforce the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which ensured that all persons born in the United States were citizens and were to be given full and equal benefit of all laws. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 protected the â€Å"civil† rights of all citizens, such as the right to sue, make contracts, and buy and sell property. However, it failed to protect â€Å"political† rights, like the right to vote and hold office, or â€Å"social† rights guaranteeing equal access to schools and other public accommodations. Congress had intentionally omitted those protections in hopes of averting the bill’s veto by President Andrew Johnson (1808–1875). When the Civil Rights Act landed on President Johnsons desk, he fulfilled his promise to veto it. Congress, in turn, overrode the veto and the measure became law. Johnson, a Tennessee Democrat and staunch supporter of states’ rights, had clashed repeatedly with the Republican-controlled Congress. Fearing President Johnson and Southern politicians would attempt to undo the protections of the Civil Rights Act, Republican congressional leaders began work on what would become the 14th Amendment. Ratification and the States After clearing Congress in June of 1866, the 14th Amendment went to the states for ratification. As a condition for readmittance to the Union, the former Confederate states were required to approve the amendment. This became a point of contention between Congress and Southern leaders. The 14th Amendment.   U.S. National Archives Connecticut was the first state to ratify the 14th Amendment on June 30, 1866. During the next two years, 28 states would ratify the amendment, although not without incident. Legislatures in Ohio and New Jersey both rescinded their states pro-amendment votes. In the South, Louisiana and North and South Carolina refused initially to ratify the amendment. Nevertheless, the 14th Amendment was declared formally ratified on July 28, 1868. The 14th Amendment and the Civil Rights Cases of 1883 With its passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, Congress attempted to bolster the 14th Amendment. Also known as the â€Å"Enforcement Act,† the 1875 Act guaranteed all citizens, regardless of race or color, equal access to public accommodations and transportation, and made it illegal to exempt them from serving on juries. In 1883, however, the U.S. Supreme Court, in its Civil Rights Cases decisions, overturned the public accommodation sections of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 and declared that the 14th Amendment did not give Congress the power to dictate the affairs of private businesses.   As a result of the Civil Rights Cases, while African Americans had been declared legally â€Å"free† U.S. citizens by the 14th Amendment, they continue to face discrimination in society, economics, and politics into the 21st century. Amendment Sections The 14th Amendment contains five sections, of which the first contains the most impactful provisions.   Section One guarantees all rights and privileges of citizenship to any and all persons born or naturalized in the United States. It also guarantees all Americans their constitutional rights and prohibits the states from passing laws limiting those rights. Lastly, it ensures that no citizens right to life, liberty, or property will be denied without due process of law.    Section Two specifies that the process of apportionment used to fairly distribute seats in the U.S. House of Representatives among the states must be based on the whole population, including freed African American slaves. Prior to this, African Americans had been under-counted when apportioning representation. The section also guaranteed the right to vote to all male citizens age 21 years or older. Section Three forbids anyone who participates or has participated in â€Å"insurrection or rebellion† against the United States from holding any elected or appointed federal office. The section was intended to prevent former Confederate military officers and politicians from holding federal offices. Section Four addresses the federal debt by confirming that the neither the United States nor any state could be forced to pay for lost slaves or debts that had been incurred by the Confederacy as a result of their participation in the Civil War.   Section Five, also known as the Enforcement Clause, grants Congress the power to pass â€Å"appropriate legislation† as necessary to enforce all of the amendments other clauses and provisions. Key Clauses The four clauses of the first section of the 14th Amendment are the most important because they have repeatedly been cited in major Supreme Court cases concerning civil rights, presidential politics and the right to privacy. The Citizenship Clause The Citizenship Clause overrules the 1875 Supreme Court Dred Scott decision that freed African American slaves were not citizens, could not become citizens, and thus could never enjoy the benefits and protections of citizenship. The Citizenship Clause states that â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.† This clause played an important role in two Supreme Court cases: Elk v. Wilkins (1884) which addressed citizenship rights of Native Americans, and United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898) which affirmed the citizenship of U.S.-born children of legal immigrants. The Privileges and Immunities Clause The Privileges and Immunities Clause states No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States.  In the Slaughter-House Cases (1873), the Supreme Court recognized a difference between a persons rights as a U.S. citizen and their rights under state law. The ruling held that state laws could not impede a persons federal rights. In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), which overturned a Chicago ban on handguns, Justice Clarence Thomas cited this clause in his opinion supporting the ruling. The Due Process Clause The Due Process Clause says no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. Although this clause was intended to apply to professional contracts and transactions, over time it has become most closely cited in right-to-privacy cases. Notable Supreme Court cases that have turned on this issue include Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), which overturned a Connecticut ban on the sale of contraception; Roe v. Wade (1973), which overturned a Texas ban on abortion and lifted many restrictions on the practice nationwide; and Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), which held that same-sex marriages deserved federal recognition. The Equal Protection Clause The Equal Protection Clause prevents states from denying to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.  The clause has become most closely associated with civil rights cases, particularly for African Americans. In Plessy v. Ferguson (1898) the Supreme Court ruled that Southern states could enforce racial segregation as long as separate but equal facilities existed for blacks and whites. It wouldnt be until Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that the Supreme Court would revisit this opinion, ultimately ruling that separate facilities were, in fact, unconstitutional. This key ruling opened the door for a number of significant civil rights and affirmative action court cases. Bush v. Gore (2001) also touched on the equal protection clause when a majority of justices ruled that the partial recount of presidential votes in Florida was unconstitutional because it was not being conducted the same way in all contested locations. The decision essentially decided the 2000 presidential election in George W. Bushs favor. The Lasting Legacy of the 14th Amendment Over time, numerous lawsuits have arisen that have referenced the 14th Amendment. The fact that the amendment uses the word state in the Privileges and Immunities Clause- along with interpretation of the Due Process Clause- has meant state power and federal power are both subject to the Bill of Rights. Further, the courts have interpreted the word person to include corporations. As a result, corporations are also protected by due process along with being granted equal protection. While there were other clauses in the amendment, none were as significant as these. Updated by Robert Longley   Sources and Further Reading Baer, Judith A. Equality Under the Constitution: Reclaiming the Fourteenth Amendment. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 1983.  Lash, Kurt T. The Fourteenth Amendment and the Privileges and Immunities of American Citizenship. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2014.Nelson, William E. The Fourteenth Amendment: From Political Principle to Judicial Doctrine. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1988